A Brief Introduction to Systematic Living Essay -- Natural, Man Made,

a much bigger arrangement of frameworks. It is not necessarily the case that frameworks suggest request. Nor do the terms â€Å"systemic† or â€Å"systematic†, in spite of the fact that they are every now and again used to propose precisely that. An incredible inverse. There is a fantastic measure of disarray that happens at each scale, in both regular and man-made frameworks. Frameworks of any sort can be erratic, and take on their very own existence. One look at the juggernaut of organization that is the U.S. national government exhibits this pleasantly without spending another breath demonstrating the point†¦ I’ve been fortunate enough in life to have been tossed into circumstances where it appeared I was constantly compelled to figure out a wide combination of frameworks. The vast majority call these circumstances â€Å"problems†, and I did too for a long time. My first profession started during the U.S. Army’s change into the New Army of the post-Cold War period. I served for about 10 years, stateside and abroad, took part in the organization of global teams under U.N. control, and assembled and dealt with the sending office for the USARPAC power projection stage. I learned, by experimentation, the intricate details of the work force the board administration and how to plan PC based answers for some issues. In opposition to prevalent thinking, the military was not in the slightest degree front line in its endeavors at computerizing even essential office archives, substantially less mind boggling forms. We despite everything utilized fundamentally count sheets, log books, and typewriters to run Division-level tasks even in the mid 1990s. The sparkling special case to this was Microsoft Powerpoint. Our commanders lived and inhaled their fight theaters through an interminable blast of Powerpoint slideshow briefings. My first Army Achievement Medal was grant... ...its Own Reward Substance Relationship Mapping: What Software Teaches Us About Grammar Agreeable Evolution as a Systemic Norm Specialization versus Speculation Structure with Perpetuality Sweet Chaos Structure with Intentionality This Cell Isn’t Big Enough for the Two of Us: The Prisoner’s Dilemma Protecting Hammurabi’s Palace KISS A LEGOâ„ ¢ in Every Pot Entropic Economics 101 Two is One, One is None Give Me My Damn Twinky! Regular Rights versus Human Rights A Calendar for Every Season Can’t a Squirrel Get a Nut? Direct Yourself Of Mollison and Gall, Dawkins and Waal The Lie of Dichotomy: Heads I Win, Tails You Lose At the point when You Piss in the Global Wind, We All Get Wet Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_projection http://systemic.permacultureuniversity.net/?p=3

The True Story of Sweeny Todd Essays -- Biography

The True Story of Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd was conceived on October 16, 1756. (Information on London. 2004) The where a bout’s of where he was initially conceived were some place in the rank East End of London yet some state at 85 Brick Lane in London’s East End. Todd was the child of Elizabeth and Samuel Todd. Elizabeth Todd’s mother was a silk winder and Todd’s father Samuel was a silk weaver. His folks were in a business together yet accompanied next to no remuneration. At the point when Todd was 12 years of age both of his folks passed on in a deplorable mishap that nobody is very certain of. Todd was then sent to a halfway house. There he turned into a disciple to a cutler named John Crook. (Information on London. 2004) In two years’ time when Todd was just 14 years of age he was captured for taking a pocket watch. He went to Newgate Prison for a long time. There in jail he met an old hair stylist named Elmer Plummer. Plummer educated Sweeney how to trim hair, shave, and pick pocket costumers. (Information on London. 2004) While Sweeney was holding on to be sans set he thought with these new gotten aptitudes he could bring in a minimal expenditure from his individual prisoners. Sweeney and Plummer collaborated with each other and started shaving and trimming a portion of the prisoner’s hair who could manage the cost of it. (Information on London. 2004) At the point when Todd was discharged from jail he looked for some kind of employment as a â€Å"flying barber†. (Richard Jones.Feb 21, 2004) He secured this position unfulfilling and needed to work for himself so on an evening walk he chose this premises close to the St. Dunstan’s Church and a pastry shop. Sweeney Todd chose to purchase the premises as his business and his home. He opened his Barber Shop at 186 Fleet Street in 1775. Todd met the cook, Mrs. Lovett, who was directly nearby to him and they became darling... ...y Sir Richard Blunt said ocean fairing men were vanishing from Todd’s shop. At long last Todd was blamed for one homicide that of Francis Thornhill. A pawnbroker’s representative perceived Mr. Thornhill’s pearls when Todd was attempting to pawn them. Todd and Mrs. Lovett were captured in 1801. (The Independent. Jan. 3, 2006) After their captures there was an examination done on the cellar and there the police found the accumulated bones in the Weston family vault. Todd killed a gauge of 160 individuals in a multi year timespan. Todd was seen as liable quickly after the jury caught wind of the measure of bones found in the Weston family vault. Mrs. Lovett ended it all while in jail. (The Independent. Jan. 3, 2006) Sweeney Todd was hanged at age 45 on January 25, 1802. His hanging was at the Newgate Prison before the biggest recorded horde of over a thousand people. The True Story of Sweeny Todd Essays - Biography The True Story of Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd was conceived on October 16, 1756. (Information on London. 2004) The where a bout’s of where he was initially conceived were some place in the rank East End of London however some state at 85 Brick Lane in London’s East End. Todd was the child of Elizabeth and Samuel Todd. Elizabeth Todd’s mother was a silk winder and Todd’s father Samuel was a silk weaver. His folks were in a business together however accompanied almost no remuneration. At the point when Todd was 12 years of age both of his folks kicked the bucket in a shocking mishap that nobody is very certain of. Todd was then sent to a halfway house. There he turned into an understudy to a cutler named John Crook. (Information on London. 2004) In two years’ time when Todd was just 14 years of age he was captured for taking a pocket watch. He went to Newgate Prison for a long time. There in jail he met an old hair stylist named Elmer Plummer. Plummer instructed Sweeney how to trim hair, shave, and pick pocket costumers. (Information on London. 2004) While Sweeney was holding on to be without set he thought with these new acquired abilities he could bring in a minimal expenditure from his individual detainees. Sweeney and Plummer collaborated with each other and started shaving and trimming a portion of the prisoner’s hair who could manage the cost of it. (Information on London. 2004) At the point when Todd was discharged from jail he looked for some kind of employment as a â€Å"flying barber†. (Richard Jones.Feb 21, 2004) He secured this position unfulfilling and needed to work for himself so on an evening walk he chose this premises close to the St. Dunstan’s Church and a bread shop. Sweeney Todd chose to purchase the premises as his business and his home. He opened his Barber Shop at 186 Fleet Street in 1775. Todd met the pastry specialist, Mrs. Lovett, who was directly nearby to him and they became sweetheart... ...y Sir Richard Blunt said ocean fairing men were vanishing from Todd’s shop. At long last Todd was blamed for one homicide that of Francis Thornhill. A pawnbroker’s representative perceived Mr. Thornhill’s pearls when Todd was attempting to pawn them. Todd and Mrs. Lovett were captured in 1801. (The Independent. Jan. 3, 2006) After their captures there was an examination done on the storm cellar and there the police found the accumulated bones in the Weston family vault. Todd killed a gauge of 160 individuals in a multi year timespan. Todd was seen as liable shortly after the jury caught wind of the measure of bones found in the Weston family vault. Mrs. Lovett ended it all while in jail. (The Independent. Jan. 3, 2006) Sweeney Todd was hanged at age 45 on January 25, 1802. His hanging was at the Newgate Prison before the biggest recorded horde of over a thousand people.

Sentimentality

Sentimentality Last night, I went to bed at 5 am. This morning, I woke up at 9 am. My eyelids currently feel ridiculously heavy and yet, I dont regret the loss of sleep one single bit. To explain: Milan, MITs annual Garba, Dandiya Raas, and Bhangra dance event, took place yesterday at the very same Walker Memorial in which I have endured many a painful midterm. Thankfully, the usual exam tables were replaced by the following decorations: My friends and I were among the first to arrive at Milan; not being particularly proficient at garba, we spent a few minutes dawdling awkwardly about the dance floor and covering up our noob status by fiddling about with our cameras: pre-Milan during Milan, with Carin 13 Upon the arrival of more experienced dancers, the energy rapidly picked up, and the next few hours were spent lost in the whirlwind of glorious endorphins that accompanies any form of dance: I absolutely lovee dance (I even wrote one of my MIT essays the Tell us about something youve created question about dance! ^.^), but after nearly four hours of gallivanting about the dance floor and intermittently gulping water, I decided to call it quits. Accompanied by two friends, I made my way back to McCormick at about 11:45 pm, naively thinking that I would be in bed by 1 am at the latest. Nope. 1 became 2, and 2 became 5. Why? Because MIT people are absolutely phenomenal. A year ago, when asked to write up a brief biography for my blogger homepage, I listed out the reasons I picked MIT over the other schools to which Id been admitted. #3 on my list was the following: I like the people here. When I was deferred EA from MIT, I started questioning my match with MIT; in March, when my acceptance letter arrived, my joy at having gotten in was weighted down by uncertainty. Did I really fit in at MIT? I attended CPW hoping to find the answer to this question. And I did. I met Siemens champions, Intel finalists, child prodigies, but what really struck me was how everyone seemed so genuinely nice. So genuinely nice. For five hours last night, a few friends and I just talked. About life. About school. About Glee. About the most random stuff in the world. We shared our stories, our experiences, our struggles, our successes. I learned so much about them, about their journey to MIT, about their interests and pastimes and passions. As I drifted off to sleep at 5 am, the following thought dominated my mind: Im so lucky to be here, at MIT, with these people. MIT is challenging, theres zero question about it. When its 3 am and I still havent finished my lab report, I think wishfully of my high school days where midnight was considered an ungodly hour for me to still be awake. When I have three tests in one week in addition to psets that need to be completed, I want desperately to curl up in a hole and wait for time to just pass me by. When Camp Kesem meetings and EMS shifts and dance practices all somehow manage to conflict with one another, Im thoroughly at a loss as to where to go and when. But I always get through it and its solely because of the people around me here at MIT, the people who pull me up, give me a hug, and tell me its going to be okay. In an email sent out to the current MIT admissions bloggers, Dave wrote: MIT is a singularly wonderful place. As Stu always says, that’s because of the people. It seriously is. I honestly cannot imagine what my life would have been like if I had never met the people Ive come to know so well over the course of this past year. For those of you in the process of applying to MIT: come to campus, meet the students here, and taste the humility that permeates this place. Youll love it.

The Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008 - 1123 Words

The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continued to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, and contributed to the great recession and European debt-crisis (LA Times, 2012). Varying opinions have been suggested to address the origin of the global financial crisis including conflicting of interests, complicated financial instruments,†¦show more content†¦After the Russian debt crisis and the Asian financial crisis, massive credit availability existed, fueled by large inflows from Russia and Asia. The large transfers of foreign funds facilitated housing constructi on boom and promoted spending in consumer markets. With real estate, a bubble was also formed thanks to loose lending standards and rising real estate prices. This ensured fast obtainable loans for consumers, allowing unprecedented loan levels (Bernanke, 2009). Foreclosure became a desirable option when home prices started falling. Consumer’s wealth were drained and the strength of financial institutions were undermined. While the number of loans and defaults continued to increase, the crisis transmitted to other markets (IMF, 2009). On a bigger scale, financialization came into being: the state of financial institutions to expand while adding fragility. Deregulation and the importance of a shadow banking system was fully understood as a way to fund American economic credit (Geithner, 2008). Another reason for the global financial crisis is the activities of subprime lending. In order to please less qualified borrowers, mortgage lenders originated riskier mortgages while simultaneously relaxing underwriting standards. Combination of intense competition and shifting of power from securitizers to originators, steady mortgage standards declined and unstable loans skyrocketed rapidly (Simkovic, 2011). Major investment banks led the expansion of lending while

Euthanasia Essay The Hemlock Society and Assisted Suicide

Hemlock Society, Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide nbsp; Dori Zook, Hemlock Society public relations director, claims that Hemlock supports legalization of physician- assisted death only in cases of terminal illness. And Hemlocks website asserts that the Society favors physician-assisted suicide strictly for someone who is already in the dying process. But there is a glaring discrepancy between this official stance and what prominent members of Hemlock have said and done. nbsp; For example, there is this little gem from Hemlock co-founder Derek Humphrys book, Final Exit: What can those of us who sympathize with a justified suicide by a handicapped person do to help? When we have statutes on the books permitting lawful†¦show more content†¦Riverside County, 14. A wheelchair is not a life-prolonging machine, nor will Bouvias cerebral palsy ever require her to use such machines. Advocates of assisted suicide prejudicially twist the facts of disability to make their case. nbsp; Bouvia had been through a series of devastating ordeals in the two years preceding her request for help in ending her life: The graduate program in social work at San Diego State University violated her federally protected civil rights. Bouvia dropped out of school, and the state Dept. of Rehabilitation repossessed her wheelchair-lift-equipped van. (Instead of urging her to fight this discrimination, Richard Scott declared publicly: Quadriplegics cannot work.) nbsp; Meanwhile, she married and kept her marriage secret from social- welfare authorities in order not to run afoul of the marriage disincentives that would have cost her her essential financial aid. She got pregnant, had a miscarriage, separated from her husband, decided to divorce him, and learned that her brother had drowned and that her mother had cancer. At this point, Bouvia checked herself into the psychiatric unit of Riverside County Hospital and said she wanted help to die. nbsp; Scott brought in a doctor, a psychiatrist, and an educational psychologist to evaluate Bouvia.Show MoreRelated Euthanasia Essay - Assisted Suicide and the Supreme Court1540 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide and the Supreme Court      Ã‚   After the nations highest court declared that U.S. citizens are not constitutionally guaranteed the right to a physician-assisted suicide, the movement has sort of lost its steam. Why do the Supreme Court Justices consider legalization dangerous? How did it win legislative approval in Oregon in the first place? What is the current trend in public opinion about this question? This essay will delve into these questions. After the U.S. Supreme CourtRead MoreEssay on Euthanasia: Not Just for the Terminally Ill1397 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia: Not Just for the Terminally Ill      Ã‚   Euthanasia or assisted suicide would not only be available to people who are terminally ill. This popular misconception is what this essay seeks to correct. There is considerable confusion on this point, perhaps further complicated by statements in the media.    There are two problems here - the definition of terminal and the changes that have already taken place to extend euthanasia or assisted suicide to those who arent terminallyRead MoreArguments Against Legalized Euthanasia Essay example1143 Words   |  5 Pages The way a person goes through the process of dying and accepts death is closely related to the way the persons society and culture view the process. A persons family, cultural values, social and medical institutions are all factors that form part of the context in which individuals die (Dickinson and Leming 13). In past years, death was an accepted and natural part of life. Unlike today, death was common to occur at home with family and friends present. Advances in health, medicine andRead MorePros and Cons on Assisted Suicide - Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesKeri Starkel Pros and cons on assisted suicide Pages 5 What happens to a person when they get so depressed that they are on the verge of suicide? Well the only answer would be to commit it but what if that person cant find the guts to go through it alone. Well then they ask for assistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. There are many kinds of definitions that one mustRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia Should be Allowed1214 Words   |  5 Pagesare on the verge of suicide? Well the only answer would be to commit it. But what if that person cant find the guts to go through it alone. Well then they ask for assistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. There are many kinds of definitions that one must argue the fact of, what is euthanasia. Well you would have to keep reading farther on. Euthanasia can either be voluntaryRead More Doctor-Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized Essay3204 Words   |  13 Pagesimportant: euthanasia is not forbidden by law in their case; animals have the right to a merciful death.† ― Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being One of the most controversial topics that is being debated today, both morally and legally, is assisted suicide, sometimes known as active euthanasia. Assisted suicide is the act of directly intervening in order to end the life of a terminally ill patient (i.e. administering a large amount of sleeping pills). The word euthanasia, comesRead MoreThe Right Of Die Is A Pro Choice Issue1902 Words   |  8 Pagesher husband decide to move to Oregon. Under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act on November 1, 2014, in the company of friends and family Britany Maynard ended her own life. Before her death Maynard, explained in a video her reasons for choosing assisted suicide, the video has over 11 and half million views. 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November 17, 2014 Jennifer Mullen South University Online Euthanasia is a term derived from a Greek word meaning happy or fortunate in death. It is most commonly used now to denote the merciful infliction of death [either actively or passively] to avoid torment in fatal and incurable disease, usually by consent of the patient or his family. Tribal Customs: There are accounts of tribes, ancient and moreRead More When is Suicide Morally Permissible or Morally Required? Essay2505 Words   |  11 Pages For the purposes of this essay the assumption will be that there is no after life or god. Eliminating the concept of god in a sense dissolves the issue of sinfulness and blameworthiness. Therefore a relativist stance will be adopted and the absolutist stance rejected. The issue of cowardice also should be addressed as arguably a soldier going to certain death is not a coward and few people would be able to harm him/herself. The taking of life can be considered under three categories, as an exercise

Work Culture Preferences Free Essays

My work culture preference results indicate I prefer high powered, well resourced, and ethical jobs. My preferred high powered attributes of a job would consist of high salaries, career advancement, and learning new skills. My preferred attributes of a well resourced job would include a being a safe work environment and comfortable atmosphere. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Culture Preferences or any similar topic only for you Order Now My preferred attributes of an ethical job would include being fair, making a difference in people’s lives, and have a social and environmental responsibility. Being aware of my culture preferences will make me a better employee in helping to achieve my organization’s goals. In my previous paper I stated that career compenticies were following instructions, organizing, and delivering results. My results from these surveys are essential in assisting my to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats know as a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats (SWOT) Analysis as well as developing operational and strategic plans. I can use these results to help develop teams within my organization that will help to create and implement the necessary changes or goals for the organization that promotes growth, stability and renewal opportunities based off a SWOT Analysis. The results from a SWOT analysis are essential to growing a business. I want a high powered position, I am organized, I believe in fairness and ethics, and I can deliver results. My career plan competencies and work culture preference results indicate that I would add value to the SWOT Analysis process by helping develop an organization’s goals and plans with the results. To be successful in an organization, I need to use my talent to my advantage which could include a higher position and bigger salary. How to cite Work Culture Preferences, Papers Work Culture Preferences Free Essays Work culture preferences are an important part of a competency assessment because it gives the user suggestions as to where they will achieve the highest level of potential in a work setting. Knowing your ideal work culture can help in developing strategic and operational plans to achieve your organizational goals by illustrating how you perform as a manager. So, for instance, if the skeleton of a manager is represented best by the four functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Culture Preferences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then the flesh surrounding the skeleton of the manager would be the work culture preferences. The results of my work culture assessment are indexed in three categories. The first of these categories is supportive. My assessment shows that I have a considerate management style with no conflicting demands. Focus is placed on the employees and goals expectations are represented as being clearly defined. The focus is on the welfare and personal development of the employee with lots of recognition and celebrations of success. Secondly, my well resourced category shows that a comfortable, well-designed and safe work place is of importance to me. This category also states that all the necessary resources to provide a higher standard of work would be made available to the members of my teams. Finally, the high powered category lists there will be the likelihood of rapid promotions, high salaries and other benefits for team members although, the job will be demanding. One specific study often used in business is called a SWOT analysis. The word SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The two competencies necessary to conduct a SWOT analysis are: internal represented by the strengths and weaknesses and external represented by opportunities and threats. My competencies relate to the internal and external competencies in many ways. My strengths indicate that I’m supportive and considerate. That’s an important factor to consumers in today’s market because it shows that I’m able to relate to their wants and needs. The opportunity for team members to learn new skills and work in different environments is encourage in an effort to strengthen the management team. According to this competency assessment what could appear as my weakness and/or threat wasn’t easily identifiable. However, I could assume that an organization with no focus, sloppy performance and unrealistic goals wouldn’t be the most desirable position to me. Why, because that management style is the exact opposite of what I’d bring to the table. How to cite Work Culture Preferences, Papers

The 5 Best Job Boards for a New Freelance Writer

Making consistent money is probably the number one goal all new freelance writers strive for, right? Theres a ton of advice out there a lot of it on my blog about how to land your first client and grow your freelance writing business. But, sorting through all those tips and strategies can make a newbie have analysis paralysis. All of sudden, instead of going out there and pitching your little heart, youre stuck at a dead end 9-5 job unable to piece together the steps to getting paid to write online. You dont want to know EVERYTHING about freelance writing; you just want to learn how to make money with your words (hint: its using job boards as a newbie!). I get you. Thats exactly how I started as a freelance writer. No training. No experience. I had to learn the hard way, make many mistakes and try and try again before I finally figured it out. And while I have a couple of courses that can help you land some consistent work, for today, lets just focus on where to find a freelance writing job using job boards. Baby steps, right? And to make it easier, Im not going to bother on ALL the ways to land a writing gig; Im just going to focus on one. Because one way is so much easier to focus on, take action on and actually get out there and DO IT. So, whats the quickest way to land a freelance writing job? Job Boards Yes. Some of the big freelance writers dont recommend using freelance writing job boards. Why? Well, they feel the quality of projects are low and the pay is low too. But, I disagree. Ive told my story numerous times that I got my break on a job board. It was the BEST thing that happened to me. Why? I gained confidence. Before I landed my first freelance writing job, I had an incident that almost made me quit entirely. At that time I kept thinking that, Im NOT a writer. I didnt have a journalism degree. Heck, Im not even the best writer out there either. So, when I finally landed my first writing job, boy oh boy, did my confidence shoot through the roof. From that time, I kept landing more jobs, collaborated with more bloggers and found my profitable niche finally! Job boards are perfect for new freelance writers. They: Have fresh jobs daily, even hourly Usually have a low entry point. In other words, a lot of ads stipulate you dont need a lot of experience to land that gig You can apply to numerous ads using only one job board You can see that even though there are ways to land work without using job boards, if youre brand new, this is the best way to find consistent and long term work. But, not all job boards are the same. Here are my top five picks. 1. Contena Contena is a job board that curates all jobs online and not only from other job boards. While this is a paid job board, I like the fact that I have the option to sort through jobs by category, or by niche. I just dont have the time to go through all the job boards out there and for a lot of freelance writers, you should spend the bulk of your time on tasks that will result in a positive outcome (landing work). With Contena you can do that. Another nice feature of using this paid job board over others is Contena Alerts. These are alerts that come to you inbox daily. You set the alerts with the criteria you want like rate or category and Contena will only give you only those matches. So, instead of using their platform, they notify you instead! Contena also has Pro Rates which shows you the average rates within an industry (travel writing for instance). This data is taken from actual freelance writers and from company information. So, if youre new and want to see how much you could make in your niche, Contena Pro Rate can help you figure our your rate. If youre interested in signing up to Contena, use my special 10% discount code elna10. You get 10% off any option or 10% off each payment if you choose the payment route. AND if you pay in full you receive a 20% discount PLUS your coupon will stack on top of that! 2. ProBlogger ProBlogger is one of the free job boards and for a lot of writers, this job board is considered one of the best out there for free job boards. I used ProBlogger a lot when I first started, but it can be a bit competitive since many bloggers and freelancers know about this job board. They recently updated it and now you can search by keyword your niche to help make it easier to comb through the ads. If youre new to freelance writing, definitely go here to see whats available. A lot of these jobs arent high paying, but if all you want is to finally land a job, consider using this freelance writing job board. Pitching is all in the numbers, so be prepared to pitch multiple times a day on this job board (or any job board) to land a gig. Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online 3. Freelance Writing Freelance Writing job board was the job board I used to land my first gig. Whats great about this free job board is that they have many job sources all in one place (Craigslist, Indeed etc) You can click on a job source and only look at jobs on that platform. Or, you can just see what the listings are for the day from the Freelance Writing platform. You can filter results by using a keyword or you can see whats available by date. I like this job board because it does grab sources from Craigslist and other job sites, saving you time when you are pitching. 4. BloggingPro BloggingPro is a free job site that sorts jobs via type Freelance, Internship, Contract, Part Time or Temporary so when looking through the listings, make sure it says freelanceor the location says anywhere. I personally havent landed a gig on this platform, but I know other established writers have sworn by this site. As the name implies, youll probably find a lot of blogging type gigs, but thats not to say you wont find other types like blog management or copywriting. 5. All Indie Writers All Indie Writers is a great blog for freelance writing tips. Theres a freelance marketplace to see what publications pay as well as a freelance writing job board that curates jobs from multiple places including Craigslist. Jennifer, the owner, offers the pay range in the short description. This saves a lot of time and helps you sort through jobs based on price. This job board is free and you can even sign up to the RSS feed to be alerted of when new postings occur. Job Boards for The New Writer There are a lot of freelance writing job boards out there. Some of them are paid, like Contena, while others are free, like ProBlogger. As a new writer, spend most of your time trying to land work. This means pitching to job boards every day. Good luck! If youre not new, tell me which job board helped you land your first gig 🙂 And to help with that I have a free course on getting paid to write online. Sign up to my free six-day email course and get even more actionable tips to help you succeed as a freelance writer.

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl First published in 1845, The Little Match Girl by  Hans Christian Anderson  is a story about a young impoverished girl trying to sell matches on the street on New Years Eve who is afraid to go home without selling enough for fear of an abusive father. This tragic short story paints a dismal picture of life for the poor in the 1840s but also carries with it that grim hope of a fairy tale with visions of huge Christmas trees and shooting stars appearing before the young match girl- her dying wishes and dreams. The Harsh Realities of Poverty Andersons The Little Match Girl is not far from classic fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm- they both share a certain darkness to their content, a melancholic and an often morbid obsession with consequences for actions or for merely existing. Its an often studied piece in academic circles. In The Little Match Girl, Andersons titular character dies by the end of the piece, but the story is much more about the perseverance of hope. In these sparse, unforgiving lines, Hans Christian Andersen packs so much simple beauty and hope: The girl is cold, barefoot, and poor- without a friend in the world (it seems)- but she is not without hope. She dreams of warmth and light, of a time when she will be surrounded by love, and filled with happiness. Its so far outside of the realm of her current experience that most of us would have long since given up such dreams, but she holds on. Still, the harsh realities of poverty haunt the little girls reality- she must sell a match for fear of being beaten by her father upon returning home and this fear propels her to stay outside all night, which ultimately leads to her death by hypothermia. Lessons and Adaptations Thanks to its brevity and delicate approach to the topic of death, The Little Match Girl serves as a great tool, like most fairy tales, to teach children important lessons about the tougher topics in life like death and loss as well as social issues like poverty and charity. We may not want to think about the horrible things that happen every day, and its certainly hard to explain such things to our children. It does seem, though, that we can often learn the greatest lessons from the children- in how they deal with the most hopeless situations. In those final moments, this little girl sees visions of splendor. She sees hope. But, her passing- punctuated by the shooting of a star in the night sky- is tragic and troubling. Fortunately, there have also been many adaptations of this short piece by Hans Christian Anderson including several animated and live action short films which provide an easier way for children to access the themes of this brilliant short work of fiction.

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl First published in 1845, The Little Match Girl by  Hans Christian Anderson  is a story about a young impoverished girl trying to sell matches on the street on New Years Eve who is afraid to go home without selling enough for fear of an abusive father. This tragic short story paints a dismal picture of life for the poor in the 1840s but also carries with it that grim hope of a fairy tale with visions of huge Christmas trees and shooting stars appearing before the young match girl- her dying wishes and dreams. The Harsh Realities of Poverty Andersons The Little Match Girl is not far from classic fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm- they both share a certain darkness to their content, a melancholic and an often morbid obsession with consequences for actions or for merely existing. Its an often studied piece in academic circles. In The Little Match Girl, Andersons titular character dies by the end of the piece, but the story is much more about the perseverance of hope. In these sparse, unforgiving lines, Hans Christian Andersen packs so much simple beauty and hope: The girl is cold, barefoot, and poor- without a friend in the world (it seems)- but she is not without hope. She dreams of warmth and light, of a time when she will be surrounded by love, and filled with happiness. Its so far outside of the realm of her current experience that most of us would have long since given up such dreams, but she holds on. Still, the harsh realities of poverty haunt the little girls reality- she must sell a match for fear of being beaten by her father upon returning home and this fear propels her to stay outside all night, which ultimately leads to her death by hypothermia. Lessons and Adaptations Thanks to its brevity and delicate approach to the topic of death, The Little Match Girl serves as a great tool, like most fairy tales, to teach children important lessons about the tougher topics in life like death and loss as well as social issues like poverty and charity. We may not want to think about the horrible things that happen every day, and its certainly hard to explain such things to our children. It does seem, though, that we can often learn the greatest lessons from the children- in how they deal with the most hopeless situations. In those final moments, this little girl sees visions of splendor. She sees hope. But, her passing- punctuated by the shooting of a star in the night sky- is tragic and troubling. Fortunately, there have also been many adaptations of this short piece by Hans Christian Anderson including several animated and live action short films which provide an easier way for children to access the themes of this brilliant short work of fiction.

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl First published in 1845, The Little Match Girl by  Hans Christian Anderson  is a story about a young impoverished girl trying to sell matches on the street on New Years Eve who is afraid to go home without selling enough for fear of an abusive father. This tragic short story paints a dismal picture of life for the poor in the 1840s but also carries with it that grim hope of a fairy tale with visions of huge Christmas trees and shooting stars appearing before the young match girl- her dying wishes and dreams. The Harsh Realities of Poverty Andersons The Little Match Girl is not far from classic fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm- they both share a certain darkness to their content, a melancholic and an often morbid obsession with consequences for actions or for merely existing. Its an often studied piece in academic circles. In The Little Match Girl, Andersons titular character dies by the end of the piece, but the story is much more about the perseverance of hope. In these sparse, unforgiving lines, Hans Christian Andersen packs so much simple beauty and hope: The girl is cold, barefoot, and poor- without a friend in the world (it seems)- but she is not without hope. She dreams of warmth and light, of a time when she will be surrounded by love, and filled with happiness. Its so far outside of the realm of her current experience that most of us would have long since given up such dreams, but she holds on. Still, the harsh realities of poverty haunt the little girls reality- she must sell a match for fear of being beaten by her father upon returning home and this fear propels her to stay outside all night, which ultimately leads to her death by hypothermia. Lessons and Adaptations Thanks to its brevity and delicate approach to the topic of death, The Little Match Girl serves as a great tool, like most fairy tales, to teach children important lessons about the tougher topics in life like death and loss as well as social issues like poverty and charity. We may not want to think about the horrible things that happen every day, and its certainly hard to explain such things to our children. It does seem, though, that we can often learn the greatest lessons from the children- in how they deal with the most hopeless situations. In those final moments, this little girl sees visions of splendor. She sees hope. But, her passing- punctuated by the shooting of a star in the night sky- is tragic and troubling. Fortunately, there have also been many adaptations of this short piece by Hans Christian Anderson including several animated and live action short films which provide an easier way for children to access the themes of this brilliant short work of fiction.

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants, and chili peppers. Potato is currently the second widest used staple crop in the world. It was first domesticated in South America, in the Andean highlands, between Peru and Bolivia, more than 10,000 years ago. Different species of potato (solanum) exist, but the most common worldwide is the S. tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum. This species was introduced in Europe in the mid-1800s from Chile when a fungus disease almost completely destroyed S. tuberosum ssp. andigena, the original species imported by the Spanish directly from the Andes in the 1500s. The edible part of the potato is its root, called tuber. Because the tuber of wild potatoes contains poisonous alkaloids, one of the first steps made by ancient Andean farmers toward domestication was to select and replant a variety with low alkaloid contents. Also, since wild tubers are quite small, farmers also selected the bigger examples. Archaeological Evidence of Potato Cultivation Archaeological evidence suggests that people were consuming potatoes in the Andes as early as 13,000 years ago. In the Tres Ventanas Cave in the Peruvian highlands, several root remains, including S. tuberosum, have been recorded and direct-dated to 5800 cal B.C. (C14 calibrated date) Also, remains of 20 potato tubers, both white and sweet potato, dating between 2000 and 1200 B.C. have been found in the trash middens of four archaeological sites in the Casma Valley, on the coast of Peru. Finally, in an Inca period site near Lima, called Pachacamac, pieces of charcoal have been found within the remains of potato tubers suggesting that one of the possible preparation of this tuber involved baking. Potatoes Around the World Although this may be due to a lack of data, current evidence indicates that the spread of potatoes from Andean highlands to the coast and the rest of the Americas was a slow process. Potatoes reached Mexico by 3000-2000 B.C., probably passing through Lower Central America or the Caribbean Islands. In Europe and North America, the South American root arrived only in the 16th and 17th century, respectively, after its importation by the first Spanish explorers. Sources Hancock, James, F., 2004, Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species. Second Edition. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA Ugent Donald, Sheila Pozoroski and Thomas Pozoroski, 1982, Archaeological Potato Tuber Remains from the Casma Valley of Peru, Economic Botany, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 182-192.

A critical study of credit risk management in the First Bank of Dissertation

A critical study of credit risk management in the First Bank of Nigeria PLC - Dissertation Example First one is reaction against bank losses from the Newton, it is realized that losses are unbearable after the losses have occurred. The second aspect is that that bank has been pushed by the recent progress in the area of financing securitization, commercial paper and competition with other non-banks to find possible loan borrowers. Big and stable companies have been seen to shift in the open market sources like those in bond markets of finance.The degree of risk of assumed losses can be minimized by organizing and managing the lending criteria with professionalism and also with active approach. Credit risk management issues can be measured if bank could tap progressively refined measuring technique.The adoption of more rigorous credit risk has been facilitated by the technological developments, predominantly the growing availability of low cost computing power and communication. A lot of banks still have a long way to go in the implementation of such new approaches.Competition in t he provision of financial services is increasing probable due to the acceleration of change in credit risk management in the banks which is viewed as an unavoidable response to an environment and, thus need to classify new and gainful business prospects and appropriately measure the related risk is mounting for the banks and other financial institutions. ... When banks extend their credit considering that borrowers will pay back their loan amounts then the extended credit to the borrowers may be at the risk of default, banks income decreases due to the necessity for the provision for the loans as some borrowers usually default. Commercial banks are exposed to an additional risk of variability as they do not have a clue of what proportion of loan borrowers will default. As a matter of fact almost all the financial institutions bear a certain degree of risk when these institutions lend to consumers and to the businesses, hence when certain borrowers fail to repay the loan amount, they experience some loan losses. Credit risk face by a bank has a possibility of loss arising in case of non-repayment of interest or principal or both. Payment delays and the credit risk among procedures can be transferred by the banks and other financial intermediaries (Demirguc-kunt and Huzinga, 2000). Certain techniques are developed for the measurement of th e credit risk which can be linked with pace of evolution (Laker, 2007; McDonough, 1998; Couhy, 2005; Brown, 2004). Different banks are differentiated with their adoption of different credit risk management policies. A bank having assets that constitutes of loans in their portfolio are relatively illiquid and exhibits the highest credit risk (Koch and MacDonald, 2000). According to the asymmetric information, good borrowers and bad borrowers are might be impossible to distinguish, which can result into an adverse selection and moral hazards problems (Auronen, 2003). Due to the adverse selection and moral hazards banks are led to substantial accumulation of non-performing accounts.

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial report - Essay Example The process of determining the viable option entailed the application of mathematical techniques and models such as the regression analysis, the LM test and the decision rule to arrive at the most promising and viable investment option. Therefore, 50 countries were used to apply these tests, while using variables such as the GDP per capita, the inflation rates, the consumer price index and the secondary schools to modify the mathematical models and reach at a conclusive decision on the most promising investment opportunity that could be adopted. After the application of the mathematical models and the modification of these models with the above mentioned variable, a decision was reached that investing the 2 billion in secondary school education was more promising than investing the same in the banking sector, where the money could have been used to bail out the banks. Financial decisions are among the most difficult decisions to reach. This because, while making a financial decision, varied considerations should d be made, which call for a greater level of accuracy and precise estimations (Ingersoll, 1987 p47). Additionally, financial decisions are not hundred percent dependable, owing to the large number of factors that affect financial investments and savings. Most significant is the fact that the complexity of making financial decisions is added to, by the nature of the risks involved in the financial sector, where a slight mistake either in prediction or estimation could mean the success or failure of the investments made (Batyrshin, 2007 p23). Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure that financial decisions are reached with the highest degree of precision possible, while at the same time putting into consideration all the factors that determine the viability of the decisions. This financial report presents the considerations that were

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay Aircrafts are capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air. Airplane is propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. There are many components of an airplane however the essential components are a wing system to sustain it during flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wing, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the machine in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust to push the craft through the air. An enclosed body which is known as the fuselage houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as the controls and instruments used by the navigator. An airplane also requires a support system when it is at rest on a surface and during takeoff and landing. Airplanes have different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose, but the modern airplanes have some features in common. They are fuselage, tail assembly and control surfaces, wing, power-plant and landing gear. In this report the prime focus is on the Prime components of the aircraft assuring structural integrity while meeting requirements for optimum operational performance of an aircraft. The empennage is also known as the tail is the rear part of the aircraft. Usually it includes the stabilizers, rudder and elevator as many other components as seen below.. It is constructed depending on the aircraft for example in fighter jets it may be constructed around the exhaust nozzle. In commercial aircrafts the empennage is built from the cabin pressure-cone and may contain the Flight Data Recorder (black box), Cockpit Voice Recorder and the pressure out-flow valve. There is another design which does not require an elevator. In this design there is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point, such a design is known as a stabilator. 2. Wings: As we can see below is a wing. Wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that help the airplane during flight. There are great variations in the wing designs, sizes, and shapes used by the various manufacturers. Each of these specifications fulfils a certain need with respect to the performance for an airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage and are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively. The number of wings may vary. Monoplanes contain a single set of wings while those with two sets are called Biplanes. The principal structural parts of the wing are SPARS, RIBS, and STRINGERS. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin. The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil). Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-design-of-aircraft-rib-structure/aircraft-structure.html 2.1 Spars 2.1.1. Definition: The spar is the main structural member of the wing, in a fixed-wing aircraft, running span wise at right angles to the fuselage. There may be more than 1 spar or none at all. 2.1.2 Uses: Fight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground is carried by spars. Spars are also used in aerofoil surfaces such as the tail plane, fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different. 2.1.3. Loads: Upward bending loads from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. Downward bending loads due to the weights acting. Drag loads dependent on airspeed and inertia. Rolling inertia loads. Chordwise twisting loads due to aerodynamic effects at high airspeeds. 2.1.4. Materials: Wooden construction Early aircraft used spars carved from solid Spruce or Ash. Wooden spar types have been used and tried with such as spars which are box-section in form; or laminated spars which are laid up in a jig, and compression glued to retain the wing dihedral. Wooden spars are still being used in light aircraft such as the Robin DR400. Metal spars A common metal spar in a general aviation aircraft generally consists of a sheet aluminium spar web, with L or T -shaped spar caps being welded or riveted to the top and bottom of the sheet to prevent buckling under applied loads. Tubular metal spars The German Junkers J.I armoured fuselage ground-attack sesquiplane of 1917 used a Hugo Junkers -designed multi-tube network of several tubular wing spars, placed just under the corrugated duralumin wing covering and with each tubular spar connected to the adjacent one with a space frame of triangulated duralumin strips riveted onto the spars. Advantages Gives substantial increase in structural strength at a time when most other designs were built with wood-structure wings. Geodesic construction In aircraft such as the Vickers Wellington, a geodesic wing spar structure was employed which had the advantages of being lightweight and able to withstand heavy battle damage with only partial loss of strength. Composite construction Nowadays aircraft use carbon fibre and Kevlar in their construction, ranging in size from large airliners to small aircraft. Companies have employed solid fibreglass spars in their designs but now often use carbon fibre in their high performance gliders such as the ASG 29 Advantages The increase in strength and reduction in weight compared to the earlier fibreglass-sparred aircraft allows a greater quantity of water ballast to be carried. 2.1.5. Disadvantages: The wooden spar has a danger of the deteriorating effect that atmospheric conditions, both dry and wet, and biological threats such as wood-boring insect infestation and fungal attack can have on the wooded spars; consequently regular inspections are often mandated to maintain airworthiness. Similar disadvantages on metal spars limit their use. 2.2 Ribs 2.2.1. Definition: In an aircraft,  ribs  are forming elements of the structure of a  wing. Ribs are attached to the main  spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals they form a skeletal shape. Usually ribs incorporate the  airfoil  shape of the wing. They are the cross-section shape of a wing. The ribs can be classified according to the types of load acting on it. Lightly loaded ribs are subjected to aerodynamic loads while a rib is subjected to concentrated forces transferred from primary points is considered as moderately loaded rib. 2.2.2 Function: Maintain the sectional shape of wing box. Function as panel breakers for stringers. Provide support for attachment of other systems. Distribute locally applied air pressure loads. 2.2.3. Stiffness: The ribs contribute little to the overall stiffness of the wing box and also carry little of global bend and twist loads acting on the wing. 2.2.4. Loads: Loads acting on the ribs are of three types: Loads transmitted from the skin-stringer wing panels. Concentrated forces transmitted to the rib due to landing gear connections, power plants nacelle connections, etc Body forces in the form of gravitational forces. Inertia forces due to wing structural mass. 2.2.5. Materials: Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam. Carbon reinforced composites (CFC) or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are used extensively in aircraft structures as they give high stiffness and strength with lower weight. 2.2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages: Wooden ribs are subjected to atmospheric deterioration. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-loads-acting-on-ribs/report-5.html 2.3. Stringers or Longerons Interior of a Boeing/ Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. 2.3.1. Definition: A longeron  or  stringer  or  stiffener  is a thin strip of wood, metal or carbon fibre, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to  formers  in the case of the fuselage, or  ribs  in the case of a wing, or  empennage. In early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with  dope, which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff. 2.3.2. Properties: Longeron and stringer are used interchangeably. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are less in number (usually 4 to 8), they are called longerons. The longeron system requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in/10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called stringers. In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in/38 to 51 cm). Longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. 2.3.3. Advantages: On modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because its more weight efficient despite being complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, use a combination of both stringers and longerons. The stringers carry bending moments and axial forces. They also stabilize the thin fuselage skin. 3. Power Plant: A power plant consists of propeller and engine.   The main function of the engine is to supply power to run the propeller. It also generates electrical power, provides vacuum source for flight instruments, and provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling, or in some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle. Its purpose is to streamline the flow of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller on the front of the engine converts the rotating force of the engine into forward acting force called thrust that helps move the airplane through the air. 4. Landing gear: Every matter has its base on which it stands. The principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing is its landing gear. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow. The landing gear consists of three wheels two main wheels-tail wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane-nose wheel, the design is referred to as a tricycle gear A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.    5. Fuselage Fuselage is aircrafts main body and covers the majority of the airplane, it holds all other pieces of the aircraft together and other large components are attached to it. The fuselage is generally streamlined to reduce drag. Designs for fuselages vary widely. The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and cargo. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. 5.1. Types of Fuselage Structures: Truss Structure Geodesic construction Monocoque Shell Semi-monocoque 5.5.1. Truss Structure: This kind of structure is used in lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood-covered with plywood. 5.1.2. Geodesic construction: Geodesic structural elements used by during the wars, World War II, to form the whole of the fuselage, including its shape. In this multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, giving a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. Its redundant structure can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. 5.1.3. Monocoque Shell In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this built using moulded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a plug or within a mould. A later form of this structure uses fibreglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fibreglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating moulds, but requiring more effort in finishing. An example of a larger moulded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II. No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin. The use of moulded fibreglass using negative (female) moulds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of ma ny modern sailplanes. 5.1.4. Semi-monocoque. This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminium fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, or jig. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminium, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where a large number of identical aircraft are to be produced. Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as stressed skin structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, the entire load from internal pressurization is carried (as skin tension) by the external skin. As stated above we are now familiar with the prime components of an airplane. Now let us get into detail, and understand the components such as the bulkhead, Frames, Ribs, Spars, Stringers (Longerons), and Skins. 5.2. BULKHEADS 5.2.1. Definition: A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane or a fuselage into different classes or sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas. Bulkheads also contribute to the structural stability and rigidity of a craft. 5.2.2. Uses: 5.2.3. Loads: 5.2.4. Materials: 5.3. FRAMES 5.3.1. Definition: The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together. A combination of construction methods may also be employed. The airframes with the greatest strength-to-weight ratios are a carbon fibre material or the welded tube structure, which has been in use for a number of years. 5.3.2. Uses: 5.3.3. Loads: 5.3.4. Materials: Material Selection Material Usage Advantages Disadvantages High strength unidirectional graphite/epoxy Spar caps High strength, low weight High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture High modulus  ±45 ° graphite/epoxy Skin (w/foam core), Shear web, Wing ribs High strength, low weight, low surface roughness, stealth characteristics High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture Aluminum 7075-T6 Bulkheads, Longerons Low cost, ease of manufacture, good sturctural efficiency Low strength, not weldable Stainless steel (AM-350) Landing gear Relatively low cost, high strength, corrosion resistance High weight Nickel (Hastelloy B) Nozzles and ducting Temperature resistance Low structural resistance Kevlar Internal armor High strength, low weight, high impact resistance High cost, difficult to manufacture

Charities Essay

The legal definition of charity has historically been somewhat elusive and stands distinct from any understanding of charity in a general or popular sense. As Lord Wright observed, in its legal sense the word â€Å"charitable is a word of art, of precise and technical meaning†[1]. Viscount Simmonds further remarked that, â€Å"no comprehensive definition of legal charity has been given either by legislature or in judicial utterance, there is no limit to the number and diversity of ways in which man will seek to benefit his fellow men†. The Preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601, also referred to as the Statute of Elizabeth I, contained a list of purposes which were then regarded as charitable. It assumed a central role for the courts as a reference point or catalogue of accepted instances of charity until almost 300 years later when Lord MacNaughten in the Pemsel case, famously classified charitable objects into four principal divisions: (i) trusts for the relief of poverty, (ii) trusts for the advancement of education, (iii) trusts for the advancement of religion, (iv) trusts beneficial to the community not falling under any of the preceding heads. These four heads of charity were used as reference whenever the inherent charitable nature of a purpose or institution was questioned until the Charities Act 2006 received royal assent. Section 2(2) of the 2006 Act now provides a modern statutory definition of charity by listing 13 descriptions of purposes deemed charitable at law. In order to be charitable, an organisation has to be established for one or more purposes within the descriptions recognised by the law as capable of being charitable, and for the public benefit. Charity law in England and Wales has developed within the context of the traditional monotheistic religions but it has embraced for many years religions other than Christianity and Judaism. In Bowman[3], Lord Parker effectively held that it was not just the promotion of Christianity that would be recognised but that the Courts of this country were not precluded â€Å"from giving effect to trusts for the purposes of religions which, however sacred they may be to millions of His Majesty’s subjects, either deny the truth of Christianity or, at any rate, do not accept some of its fundamental doctrines†. Furthermore in the Commission’s Scientology[4] decision it was firmly established that â€Å"The law does not prefer one religion to another and as between religions the law stands neutral†[5]. The English courts have, for a long time, resisted closely defining what makes some belief systems religious and others not. However in the Scientology case, the Commissioners accepted that there are various characteristics of religion which can be discerned from the legal authorities: †¢ Belief in a god or a deity or supreme being – R v Registrar General[6] †¢ Two of the essential attributes of religion are faith and worship: faith in a god and worship of that god – South Place Ethical Society[7] †¢ To advance religion means â€Å"to promote it, to spread the message ever wider among mankind; to take some positive steps to sustain and increase religious belief and these things are done in a variety of ways which may be comprehensively described as pastoral and missionary†. United Grand Lodge v Holborn BC[8]. Having considered these characteristics, the Commissioners concluded that the definition of a religion in English charity law was characterised by a belief in a supreme being and an expression of that belief through worship. This definition is further refined in the 2006 Act where s2 (3) a gives a partial definition of the word religion. However, the law does not automatically recognise as a religion everything that may designate itself as a religion and there are some principles to which a purpose must conform if it is to be regarded as within the Charities Act’s description of ‘the advancement of religion’. These general principles are gathered from the common law of England and Wales but also take into account the body of law which has developed concerning the European Convention right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. As a general proposition, for its advancement to be capable of being charitable in this context, a religion should have a certain level of cogency, seriousness, coherence and importance[9]. Also, in order to be charitable for the advancement of religion, the content of any system of faith and worship has to be of a positive nature, impacting beneficially on the community. Sir John Wickens, V-C. in Cocks v Manners[10] observed: â€Å"It is said, in some of the cases, that religious purposes are charitable, but that can only be true as to religious services tending directly or indirectly towards the instruction or the edification of the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hence, to be charitable a religious purpose has to be serious, tend directly or indirectly to the moral and spiritual improvement of the public as well as being for the public benefit. In Holmes v Attorney General[11] Walton J commented: â€Å"†¦ It is not for the benefit of the adherents of the religion themselves that the law confers charitable status, it is in the interests of the public. † Hence, as a general proposition, in the case of charities for the advancement of religion the purpose must not simply be for the benefit of the followers of the particular religion. Formerly, the proposition stated that â€Å"as between different religions the law stands neutral, but it assumes that any religion is at least likely to be better than none†[12]. Plowman J in Re Watson[13] considered a case for the publication and distribution of the fundamentalist Christian writings of an individual where he quoted authority that the court does not prefer one religion or sect to another and said that â€Å"where the purposes in question are of a religious nature †¦ then the court assumes a public benefit unless the contrary is shown†. He then went on to say that the only way of disproving a public benefit is to show that the doctrines inculcated are adverse to the very foundations of all religion, and that they are subversive of all morality. However, that part of the judgment being inconsistent with the judgment of the court of appeal and opinions given by the House of Lords in Gilmour v Coats, where it was held: â€Å"†¦the question whether a trust is beneficial to the public is an entirely different one from the question whether a trust is for the advancement of religion†, it is not regarded a binding. Since the Charities Act 2006, there is no longer any presumption that, because a purpose falls within the description â€Å"the advancement of religion†, it is for the public benefit. Section 3(2) of the Act provides: â€Å"In determining whether [the public benefit] requirement is satisfied in relation to any †¦purpose, it is not to be presumed that a purpose of a particular description is for the public benefit†. Hence, with the removal of the presumption and in the modern context the proposition may now be interpreted as meaning that advancing religion can be seen as a public good if such advancement can be demonstrated to be in relation to a system having a benign and positive content which is being advanced for the benefit of the public. Over the years, there are some purposes which, despite being beneficial and religious and indeed seriously religious, did not fall within the legal framework. For example, fostering private piety, although being a religious activity, is not a charitable purpose due to the absence of benefit to the public. In Cocks v Manners[14] (supra) it was said that â€Å"a voluntary association of women for the purpose of working out their own salvation by religious exercises and self-denial seems to have none of the requisites of a charitable institution. † In the Re Joy[15] case it was held that the real object contemplated by the testator was the non-charitable purpose of improvement of the membership of a society by prayer. Further, in Re White[16], it was held that â€Å"a society for the promotion of private prayer and devotions by its own members and which has no wider scope, no public element, and no purpose of general utility would not be charitable†. Lord Simonds in the Gilmour[17] case later confirmed the decision in Cocks v Manners and said that activities â€Å"good in themselves but solely designed to benefit individuals associated for the purpose of securing that benefit, which may not have some repercussions or consequential effects beneficial to some section of the general community† do not meet the prerequisites of a charitable institution. In Re Warre’s Will Trusts, on the matter of a retreat house, Harman J said: â€Å"Activities which do not in any way affect the public or any section of it are not charitable. Pious contemplation and prayer are, no doubt, good for the soul, and may be of benefit by some intercessory process, of which the law takes no notice, but they are not charitable activities. † Thus, in Re Hetherington[18] it was held that the celebration of a religious rite in private does not contain the necessary element of public benefit since any benefit of prayer or example is incapable of proof in the legal sense and any element of spiritual or moral improvement (edification) is limited to a private not public class of those present at the celebration. However, in the same case it was also held that the holding of a religious service which is open to the public is capable of conferring a â€Å"sufficient public benefit because of the edifying and improving effect of such celebration on the members of the public who attend. † There are also other purposes related to religion whose pursuits have not been considered as charitable because the purpose itself is not exclusively charitable. For example a trust ‘for Roman Catholic purposes’ may not be for exclusively charitable purposes furthering the Roman Catholic faith[19]. Also a gift to an Anglican vicar of a parish â€Å"for parochial institutions or purpose†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[20] was not considered charitable. A bequest to an archbishop to be applied â€Å"in any manner he might think best for helping to carry on the work of the Church in Wales†[21] is not charitable either and neither is a generally stated purpose â€Å"for religious, educational and other parochial requirements†[22]. On the other hand, In Re Schoales[23], it was clarified that there is no distinction, from the point of view of validity as a gift for charitable purposes, between a gift to the Church of England and a gift to another Church. A gift for the general purposes of a particular church or denomination or faith community falls are considered in law as a gift which has to be applied only for such of its purposes as are for the advancement of religion for the public benefit, and hence charitable. As mentioned above, charitable purposes require some promotion or advancement that is to â€Å"spread its message ever wider among mankind; to take some positive steps to sustain and increase religious belief†[24]. Proselytising is one way of advancing religious purposes[25] but it may raise public benefit issues if it breaks the law or results in harm or detriment. Therefore, it would not be compatible with public benefit principles for an organisation to seek to inhibit anyone from their rights of freedom of thought, conscience or religion (Article 9 ECHR) and to manifest or change such beliefs. This matter was considered in Kokkinakis v Greece[26] and the court in considering attempts to forbid activities of a Jehovah’s Witness confirmed that a democratic society has a plurality of beliefs and held that freedom to manifest one’s religion includes the right to convince one’s neighbor. But, the court drew a clear distinction between bearing Christian witness and improper proselytism by stating that the former was true evangelism and the latter representing a corruption or deformation of it. Furthermore, proselytising being unlawful in some countries, the Commission dealt with the issue of whether it was possible to recognise a religious purpose as charitable in England and Wales which is not charitable and may be illegal abroad in its annual report in 1993 which mentioned: â€Å"One should first consider whether they would be regarded as charities if their operations are confined to the United Kingdom. If they would, then they should be presumed also to be charitable even though operating abroad unless it would be contrary to public policy to recognise them. Hence, an organisation whose purpose is to proselytize, even if its activity is carried out internationally, may be charitable in England and Wales unless it causes harm or detriment which outweighs the public benefit. The High Court considered the statement in the Sonsino case[27] in 2002 and upheld it. However, it still remains unclear as to what the courts would rule contrary to public policy. Another way of advancing a religion would be by means of undertaking pastoral work. However, where a charity is operating solely for the purpose of advancement of religion, then any secular pastoral work which it undertakes should be as a means of advancing the particular religion. A convent in Cocks v Manners[28] was held charitable and there the nuns were engaged in exterior works (teaching the ignorant and nursing the sick) as part of their religious work. In the United Grand Lodge[29] case, Donovan J said that taking positive steps to sustain and increase religious beliefs was something done â€Å"in a variety of ways which can be comprehensively described as pastoral and missionary†. More recently, the Pilsdon Community House, a religious community living according to Christian principles and giving practical help in cases of drug addiction, drink, having been in prison or loneliness was considered in Re Banfield[30]. The court held that the fact that a religious community makes its services available to those of all creeds and of none does not prevent it being a charity for the advancement of religion also that furthering the purposes of the community amounted to the advancement of religion.

Hip Hop, By Maya Angelou Essay - 1432 Words

Mos Def’s â€Å"Hip-Hop† and Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Africa†: Identities That Have Been Exploited Many people find identity in their culture, art and literature. Both in Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Africa† and Mos Def’s â€Å"Hip-Hop† both have themes of identity and exploitation. Both show that the black experience in the Americas and mostly all over the world is based on being the one’s who are exploited. Both poems have to do with one’s identity or autonomy being stolen from them. They do differ when it comes to the genre and the context but they do share the themes of identity and exploitation. Angelou in her poem uses the examples of the slave trade and using a women to convey two different means of exploitation. Her poem can even connect towards today, where Africa is still being exploited for its natural resources. Def’s song has to do with mainly a commentary of hip-hop as a genre and a culture. This song jam packs a myriad of subject matters such as history, progression, warnings, friendship, perfection, and identity. Def in a song that should seem like a celebration for hip-hop, instead criticizes it for it’s exploitive nature. In both poems you could get to hear the voice of the exploited. Agelou in â€Å"Africa† seems to be describing a women writing, â€Å"Thus she lain. Sugar cane sweet†. The first two lines could imply that women are sweet. However, this could refer the to the slave trade. Rum being the main form of currency that the Spanish and Portuguese would trade for. They wouldShow MoreRelatedStill I Rise By Maya Angelou And Where Is The Love, By The World Known Band The Black1501 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude ‘still I rise’ by the famous peace protestor Maya Angelou and ‘Where is the love’ by the world known band the Black Eyed Peas. Both of these pieces identify the pressing issues of racism and discrimination that face our society every single day. 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