Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis

Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help identify economic, legal, regulatory forces that affect business. This analysis will not only allow the business to Identify strength but weaknesses In Its Industry. Understanding the weaknesses of the industry will also allow to strategies for different opportunities.By identifying threats and trends we can make bold predictions to take advantage of opportunities and changes before they come to fruition. We will be Identifying seven different forces and trends that affect business. Economic Economic trends play a major role in all businesses. This is a major factor that an accounting services business will have to force to make predictions and adjustments. Based on trends the company may anticipate hiring more or less employees. A positive strength for Peters Accounting Services is that regardless of a good or bad economic year individuals still have to file state and federal taxes.Business will still ay quarterly taxes an d need help with bookkeeping as well as annual filing of taxes for the state and federal government as well. Threats of a poor economy can tend to not impact this industry too much because it is a constant need. An opportunity for this business lies during an economic upswing new businesses are being created meaning the need for an accounting services will be used frequently. Being able to offer year round services will help fight the Idea of seasonal work that tax prepares and consultants have to compete with.Legal and Regulatory In order to be a reputable company the Pewter's Accounting Services should be quipped with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has taken the time to take a series of four rigorous exams that have to be completed in an 18- month period (CPA Review, 2013). Accountants can don't have to be Spa's but there is an extra allure and makes your information reputable compared to the latter. Accountants are required to take 20 hours of continued education, which Is also referred to as CE credits this allows them to stay updated on new laws and regulations for the upcoming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the requirement this is not enough time for an individual to gather and retain much of the information. A lot of time and hours with the organization will need to be dedicated to ensure that all individuals aiding in filing taxes is up to date. Supply Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services will have to take advantage of new technology available to a mass market. This external factor can be seen as both a strength and weakness. There is one major factor that gains an accounting services business.During tax 1 OFF referrals and networking efforts throughout the year. During this time the company can impress new clients and existing clients by providing the newest or most efficient accounting software to help the customers file their taxes electronically. The accounting services will also provide its customers access remotely via a secured online site providing the clients access to their financial information from anywhere in the world. This can provide issues of security because we are dealing with sensitive information that can be used in a malicious fashion if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive analysis Pewter's Accounting Services will have its headquarters in the San Fernando Valley. A quick yelp search of accountants near the North Hollywood area provides a list of 109 efferent companies that offer accounting services (Yelp, 2014). The last census of North Hollywood estimated that there was over 160 thousand residence, which has only grown in the last 10 years. Despite the large number of competition in the area there are plenty of clients to go around especially when there are new adults entering the workforce every year. Working on referrals will be our strength.Individuals and business owner tend to refer a good CPA when possible. Seasonal business can be lost to conglomer ates like H & R Block who specialize in short form tax solutions at high prices. They however have big advertisement dollars that will need us to think outside the box to get business. They prepare taxes for 1 in every 7 filed returns in the United States (H & R Block, 2013). This leads to staying competitive not necessarily with H & R Block but with other single owner or partnership offices and that is by having our tax prepares go through the training provided by H & R Block.This will give us up to date technician and trends with the industry while also allowing us to make modifications to our own strategies. Strategy Internal factors will include a structured strategy for the company. The strength of strategy will be more control of day-to-day operations. The beginning phase will be consist of building a clientele base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce along with other organizations in the area. This will help build the reputation for the firm. Keeping the staf f small will be a must to keep overhead low.Location will not be cheap but will be a necessary evil when trying to attract walk in business. Pricing will be key as well. The company cannot price too low or too high. The companies' long-term plan is to also higher licensed representatives that can give financial advice as well. This phase of the strategy will help earn more trust in the community as well as build market share by reinvesting customers tax returns and also offering tax right off by setting up individual retirement accounts. Processes & systems In order to retain and increase the customer base follow up process need to be in place.Email's, Addresses, and phone number records need to be maintained and scrubbed before outbound calls are made according to the telephone consumer protection act if we are making sales calls (FCC, 2014). Most of our outbound calls will are that will be adopted by the company to standout from other companies. Our systems will also have reminder s and will also send out emails periodically to give our customers industry updates. The systems for internal control will all need password verifications to view customer data.Accessing of this data will ensure that we can keep customer information safe to help fight identity theft. Goals Accounting is a very stable form of earning a living. The goal for Pewter's Accounting Service is to become a leader in the community. Surviving the first couple of years will not be easy, but consistency pays off in the end. Visibility will be important as individuals flock towards others that make a difference and are accessible. Despite the treat of losing customers it is inevitable to suffer attrition, but staying ahead of market trends will be required to avoid huge dips in production.Branching out to being more than Just a seasonal service will also be key. Hiring Spa's and accountants that can assist with other daily activities like payroll, bookkeeping, and advising will help bring in inco me year round. Conclusion The SHOOT analysis assisted in identifying key objectives and obstacles that a new business can face, but over come. The art of planning cannot be understated as we deiced there is internal and external factors that impact business. Perception of the world around the business is a key component of this analysis. Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help identify economic, legal, regulatory forces that affect business. This analysis will not only allow the business to Identify strength but weaknesses In Its Industry. Understanding the weaknesses of the industry will also allow to strategies for different opportunities.By identifying threats and trends we can make bold predictions to take advantage of opportunities and changes before they come to fruition. We will be Identifying seven different forces and trends that affect business. Economic Economic trends play a major role in all businesses. This is a major factor that an accounting services business will have to force to make predictions and adjustments. Based on trends the company may anticipate hiring more or less employees. A positive strength for Peters Accounting Services is that regardless of a good or bad economic year individuals still have to file state and federal taxes.Business will still ay quarterly taxes an d need help with bookkeeping as well as annual filing of taxes for the state and federal government as well. Threats of a poor economy can tend to not impact this industry too much because it is a constant need. An opportunity for this business lies during an economic upswing new businesses are being created meaning the need for an accounting services will be used frequently. Being able to offer year round services will help fight the Idea of seasonal work that tax prepares and consultants have to compete with.Legal and Regulatory In order to be a reputable company the Pewter's Accounting Services should be quipped with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has taken the time to take a series of four rigorous exams that have to be completed in an 18- month period (CPA Review, 2013). Accountants can don't have to be Spa's but there is an extra allure and makes your information reputable compared to the latter. Accountants are required to take 20 hours of continued education, which Is also referred to as CE credits this allows them to stay updated on new laws and regulations for the upcoming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the requirement this is not enough time for an individual to gather and retain much of the information. A lot of time and hours with the organization will need to be dedicated to ensure that all individuals aiding in filing taxes is up to date. Supply Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services will have to take advantage of new technology available to a mass market. This external factor can be seen as both a strength and weakness. There is one major factor that gains an accounting services business.During tax 1 OFF referrals and networking efforts throughout the year. During this time the company can impress new clients and existing clients by providing the newest or most efficient accounting software to help the customers file their taxes electronically. The accounting services will also provide its customers access remotely via a secured online site providing the clients access to their financial information from anywhere in the world. This can provide issues of security because we are dealing with sensitive information that can be used in a malicious fashion if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive analysis Pewter's Accounting Services will have its headquarters in the San Fernando Valley. A quick yelp search of accountants near the North Hollywood area provides a list of 109 efferent companies that offer accounting services (Yelp, 2014). The last census of North Hollywood estimated that there was over 160 thousand residence, which has only grown in the last 10 years. Despite the large number of competition in the area there are plenty of clients to go around especially when there are new adults entering the workforce every year. Working on referrals will be our strength.Individuals and business owner tend to refer a good CPA when possible. Seasonal business can be lost to conglomer ates like H & R Block who specialize in short form tax solutions at high prices. They however have big advertisement dollars that will need us to think outside the box to get business. They prepare taxes for 1 in every 7 filed returns in the United States (H & R Block, 2013). This leads to staying competitive not necessarily with H & R Block but with other single owner or partnership offices and that is by having our tax prepares go through the training provided by H & R Block.This will give us up to date technician and trends with the industry while also allowing us to make modifications to our own strategies. Strategy Internal factors will include a structured strategy for the company. The strength of strategy will be more control of day-to-day operations. The beginning phase will be consist of building a clientele base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce along with other organizations in the area. This will help build the reputation for the firm. Keeping the staf f small will be a must to keep overhead low.Location will not be cheap but will be a necessary evil when trying to attract walk in business. Pricing will be key as well. The company cannot price too low or too high. The companies' long-term plan is to also higher licensed representatives that can give financial advice as well. This phase of the strategy will help earn more trust in the community as well as build market share by reinvesting customers tax returns and also offering tax right off by setting up individual retirement accounts. Processes & systems In order to retain and increase the customer base follow up process need to be in place.Email's, Addresses, and phone number records need to be maintained and scrubbed before outbound calls are made according to the telephone consumer protection act if we are making sales calls (FCC, 2014). Most of our outbound calls will are that will be adopted by the company to standout from other companies. Our systems will also have reminder s and will also send out emails periodically to give our customers industry updates. The systems for internal control will all need password verifications to view customer data.Accessing of this data will ensure that we can keep customer information safe to help fight identity theft. Goals Accounting is a very stable form of earning a living. The goal for Pewter's Accounting Service is to become a leader in the community. Surviving the first couple of years will not be easy, but consistency pays off in the end. Visibility will be important as individuals flock towards others that make a difference and are accessible. Despite the treat of losing customers it is inevitable to suffer attrition, but staying ahead of market trends will be required to avoid huge dips in production.Branching out to being more than Just a seasonal service will also be key. Hiring Spa's and accountants that can assist with other daily activities like payroll, bookkeeping, and advising will help bring in inco me year round. Conclusion The SHOOT analysis assisted in identifying key objectives and obstacles that a new business can face, but over come. The art of planning cannot be understated as we deiced there is internal and external factors that impact business. Perception of the world around the business is a key component of this analysis.

Culinary art Essay

1. Executive Summary This report is a discussion about a bad review posted by John Trevallin on The Morning Post after his disastrous dinner at the Abbey Restaurant. John had some serious expectation from The Abbey as is considered a premier restaurant with great location and world renowned chef Marcus Vesty who owns the restaurant. This report consists of firstly the immediate stakeholders, who are answerable for the bad review, secondly analyzing the issues that led to the bad review, thirdly suggestions and recommendations on how to tackle the issue so as to live up to the expectations of the owners and saving the Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour as the owners are planning to divert its interest from one of the hotels in this chain. Later in the report discussions on how to live up to the expectations of the loyal guests as well as how to attract new customers after this bad review is considered and finding possible solution to maintain the glory of Radicor as well as The Abbey. 2. Introduction The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour Sydney is a premier hotel in the heart of the city. Darling Harbor is one the most visited place in Sydney and is the key area of which has a convention center, an exhibition center and many other tourist attractions such as shops cafes. The major attractions for tourists are the Sydney Aquarium and the Chinese Garden. According to the video the total number of visitors in darling harbor last year was 27.9 million out of which 3.8 million visitors is on transit and the remaining 24.6 million are from interstate or overseas. The location of the Radicor hotel attracts both business travelers as well as tourists. Considering the number of visitors it is comprehensible that competition between hotels, cafes and restaurant would be very high. Hotels have to go beyond excellence to attract customers as in such a location with so varied visitors it is a challenge to meet the expectations of everyone and maintaining the customer service level. The Radicor Ho tel takes pride in providing quality and excellence to its guests and stakeholders. Marcus Vesty the world renowned chef runs the Abbey restaurant located on the ground floor of the Radicor Hotel and is considered the leading restaurant in Sydney providing a fusion of flavors from east and west. Marcus leases the restaurant from the Radicor Hotel on a profit share basis. There are a number of issues that the Radicor Hotel is facing and to top that up John’s shocking feedback about The Abbey is now really a knock on the door for them. To make things worse the parent company Simcom Group is certain about selling off one of the Radicor chain Hotels as a result of global financial crisis and Radicor Darling Harbour is on the list. 3. List of Stakeholders The stakeholders that are concerned with this case are Marcus Vesty – the executive chef and owner of Abbey restaurant, Mr Loyd Chan – major shareholder of the Simcom , John Trevallin – The morning post reviewer, Tom Mc Laren – General Manager Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour, the devoted customer’s of Radicor and Abbey restaurant as well as the restaurant team members both front of house and kitchen. 4. Analysis and Recommendation The key issues that need some highlight in this case can be categorized in terms of front of house and kitchen that are not living up to the expectation of customers and shareholders. Firstly we will discuss about the problems in the kitchen which lead to such a bad review. 4.1 Absence of Marcus: One of the major reasons to this is the absence of Marcus in his own restaurant. He being involved too much in doing TV shows, promoting his cookbook and other media appearances is undoubtedly affecting the quality of food served in the restaurant. Marcus coming to the restaurant once or twice fortnightly is not acceptable. Marcus needs to be more involved in the restaurant. He is required to sit with the General Manager, Maitre-d hotel, and sommelier to discuss about the issue and find effective ways to get the reputation of the hotel and the restaurant to its glory. He needs to have a through training session where he is required to clearly convey the target they desire to achieve. Being the executive chef he needs to motivate his employees by providing training, recognition, and bonus(Carroll, 2012). 4.2 Menu planning: Menu planning is a process of creating a menu that suits both management as well as customers taking into account all the characteristic of food service system. Menu in a restaurant for a guest is not just the list of available food but it’s an representation of the procedure and contributes to the overall dining experience by creating a mood and excitement about the experience(Gordon-Davis and Van Rensburg, 2004). The balance between all the food items on the menu is very important so that each course or dish suits the palate(Mc Vety et al., 2008). In the case study as highlighted by John that the some of the dishes were too fragrant and some have an odd after taste. This shows that the menu was not properly balanced and the composition of menu was not up to the mark. 4.3 Standards Recipe not followed: Though Marcus is a very renowned chef and is known for its amazing cooking there could be various other reasons why the food was not up to the mark such as it could be the chefs employed by Marcus that are not doing their job properly. Standard recipe for each dish not being followed by the chefs. So the chefs need to follow the standardrecipe and every time a particular dish comes should be the same. This leads us to the next problem which is lack of staff training. 4.4 Lack of training: It’s clear from the review that there is a lack of training in the kitchen. It’s surveyed that the most important issue the hospitality industry is facing is the training of staffs. Employee training is a vital necessity to generate quality experience for both staffs as well as guests as well trained employees are more likely to deliver high quality service(Kusluvan, 2003). As per the review the food provided was not up to the standards that should be in such a premier restaurant. Clearly the chefs at the Abbey need more training on how to follow the standard recipe and maintaining the consistency. This will eradicate the problem of food being not up to the mark and as a result avoid the negative reviews from guests about food. This will rather help for both the restaurant as well as Marcus to get back the reputation and glory back. Also catering to the guest requirement as much as possible can be taken into consideration to go that extra mile and meet the guest expectation. 4.5 Uniformity of staff: According to the video the front of house staff is employed by the Radicor Hotel except the chefs, sous chef, maitre-d hotel and sommelier which are employed by Marcus himself. This leads to deficiency of control of operational aspects such as training, staff selection, and lack of dedication among staff(Mull et al., 2009). Since Marcus does not have much authority to choose the front of house staff for his restaurant he cannot do much about training and selecting his employees. Since the front of house staff are a part of Radicor Hotel they lack dedication towards the restaurant and don’t take much effort in doing things right. 4.6 Lack of Menu Knowledge: The front of house staff according to the review has very less knowledge about the food. This again is a serious issue of lack of training and dedication of the staff. The knowledge about the menu is a ver y important aspect of a food and beverage staff as they are the ones who are actually dealing with guests and are in direct contact with them. It is expected from every food and beverage staff to know the menu and also about the food (Swanson and Toledo, 2008). The above issues may not be that big when we talk about restaurant failing as a whole but in terms of a fine dining restaurant with such a goodwill these things do matter a lot. As said earlier as well the expectations of guest become so high that it isdifficult to meet them unless each and every detail is looked after. This issue can be easily solved by training the staff; the best way to train the front of house staff about the menu is to have session with chefs. Conducting tasting sessions for staffs and asking them to comment is a very effective way of gaining knowledge about the food (Andrews, 1980). 4.7 Poor ambience of the restaurant: Though the restaurant is located in the famous hotel Radicor Darling Harbour which is in the heart of the city, the ambience inside the restaurant according to John is not like a fine dining restaurant should be. The reasons of this could be overbooking(Gagnon and Gagnon, 2011), location in terms of where the restaurant is in the hotel as well as its in the busiest area of Sydney. In a fine dining restaurant overbooking the location could lead to some very unhappy customers as they expect a quite place so that they can e njoy the experience of high quality service and food and can relax while dining. In fine dining restaurants only that number of booking should be taken which suits the ambience and may be the restaurant could be made partially soundproof so that outside noise does not bother the guests(Baraban and Durocher, 2010). Conclusion The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour being a reputed hotel with a world class restaurant needs to focus on maintaining their reputation. It’s not only the restaurant that has received a bad review but the hotel as a whole has a lot of loopholes that needs some serious and immediate action so as to stay in the hunt in such a location. The review by John Trevallin is just a mere wake up call for the hotel and the restaurant as the customer satisfaction track record clearly states the failure to meet the targets and shows the downfall of the hotel. The General Manager of Radicor Tom Mc Laren and executive chef Marcus Vesty with the other managers of the hotel needs to start from the scratch and analyse each and every issue and take necessary steps in getting the lost glory back in track and ensuring Mr Lyod Chan that Radicor still has the potential to be the best in the market which as a result will save the hotel from getting sold off. References I. ANDREWS, S. 1980. Food and Beverage Service Manual, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. II. BARABAN, R. S. & DUROCHER, J. F. 2010. Successful Restaurant Design, John Wiley & Sons. III. CARROLL, C. 2012. Leadership Lessons From a Chef: Finding Time to Be Great, Wiley. IV. GAGNON, R. & GAGNON, E. 2011. Appetite for Acquisition: The We Sell Restaurants Guide to Buying a Restaurant, Tate Pub & Enterprises Llc. V. GORDON-DAVIS, L. & VAN RENSBURG, L. 2004. The Hospitality Industry Handbook on Nutrition and Menu Planning, Juta. VI. KUSLUVAN, S. 2003. Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Nova Science Publishers. VII. MCVETY, P. J., WARE, B. J. & WARE, C. L. 2008. Fundamentals of Menu Planning, Wiley. VIII. MULL, R. F., BEGGS, B. A. & RENNEISEN, M. 2009. Recreation Facility Management: Design, Development, Operations, and Utilization, Human Kinetics. IX. SWANSON, N. L. & TOLEDO, T. U. O. 2008. Knowledge and Beliefs of School District Superintendents and Food Service Managers in Michigan Toward Childhood Obesity and the Wellness Policy, The University of Toledo. | Assessment feedback | Assignment no. and Title Name: Rudranil Das ID: 110129132| Key components of this assignment| Performance on this component| Comment| | Excellent| Good| Fair| Poor| Very Poor| | Content: clear understanding of the topic and concepts; adequate coverage of the topic and relevance of the material; application of material| | | | | | | Research: evidence of adequate depth and breadth of research| | | | | | | Reasoning: a logical argument and discussionNote: In an academic essay you are expected to demonstrate to your reader that you have a position and perspective on the topic.| | | | | | | Presentation: Essay format and structure only, with Harvard (Author Date) style referencing and correct Reference List. (An additional Bibliography is not required but a Reference List is essential.)| | | | | | | Summary comment| The Graduate qualities being assessed by this assignment are indicated by an X:| | GQ1: operate effectively with and upon a body of knowledge| | GQ5: are committed to ethical action and social responsibility| | GQ2: are prepared for lifelong learning| | GQ6: communicate effectively| | GQ3: are effective problem solvers| | GQ7: demonstrate an international perspective| | GQ4:can work both autonomously and collaboratively| | | Assignment grade/mark|

Characters of Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essay Example for Free

Characters of Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essay Character (1309) , Sebastian Faulks (9) , Birdsong (8) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints The First World War is known to be one of the worst, if not the worst war in military history. The strategies used were often ineffective and repetitive, meaning a lack of movement and years of stalemate on the western front. Soldiers had to live in conditions which were squalid and foul, they had to deal with diseases such as trench foot and millions of rats and lice infestations. These general images of soldiers living in these fetid conditions has become widely known and linked with the huge suffering caused by the First World War. The use of literature can enable us to gain a picture of what trench warfare was really like. ‘Journey’s End’ a play written by R.C. Sherriff in 1928 based on his own life experiences gives a realistic image of life as a soldier in the trenches. However, the novel ‘Birdsong’ by Sebastian Faulks which was not written till 2005 gives a version of what Faulks believed trench warfare to be like; it is a fictional idea based on knowledge and understanding of World War One. Also the authors chose different formats with one being a novel the other a play, thus giving them contrasting ways of conveying soldiers’ experiences of war. A play deals with the actions and reactions of characters using dialogue and yet a novel can go into the heads of characters, giving the reader an understanding of a person’s emotions and feelings through description and narrative. The characters presented in both Journey’s End and Birdsong are attempting to avoid and deal with the horrors of trench warfare in many different ways including; drinking, violence, and memories of loved ones and trying to use humour as a way of distancing themselves from the horrors facing them. Each character has to find there own way of dealing with the situation, as anyone would when faced with the constant fear of death. In both Journey’s End and Birdsong we get a glimpse of what the characters Stanhope and Wraysford were like before the terror of war affected them. In Journey’s End although we don’t see Stanhope before the war; Sherriff cleverly uses Raleigh to give us an idea of what he was like when he was younger. We see Raleigh as this optimistic, patriotic man excited at the prospect of going into war alongside his childhood hero. His confession to Osborne that he was ‘Keen to get out here’ is a representation of many patriotic soldiers at the break out of the first world war and could show us how Stanhope may have felt before the realisation of what warfare was really like. The growing sense of conflict between Stanhope and Raleigh just shows how much the war has changed Stanhope, and affected him. Not only do we see Raleigh as a young version of Stanhope but also we hear from him background information on Stanhope’s life, ‘he was skipper of Rugger at Barford, and kept wicket for the eleven. A jolly good bat, too.’ This is not needed in Birdsong as we gain a background on what Wraysford was like before the war in part one of the novel. Novels allow writers to add descriptive back stories through narrative rather than dialogue, we can learn about one person’s perspective unlike in a play when we are unable to hear thoughts and feelings – these can only be expressed through actors portraying the role. Birdsong can go into depth about the emotional effects war can have on a person, which is a tricky detail to encapsulate in a play and yet I believe R.C. Sherriff uses dialogue and the actions of each individual to show their emotional state. We can see strongly in both, just what the war can do, seeing and living in those conditions certainly would bring about change in a person however it is the way they deal with it that helps them continue on through. An easy escape for many soldiers during the war was drink. For an ordinary private on the front line getting alcohol was hard and they were only allowed a small drop before going over the top, however officers were allowed to drink (as believed responsible enough for it) and alcoholism among officers was common. Both Stanhope in Journey’s End and Wraysford and Weir in Birdsong use drink as a method of getting through the horrors in front of them, ‘She doesn’t know that if I went up those steps into the front line – without being doped with whisky – I’d go mad with fright’. Drink was a way to forget, and maybe for a moment be away from the front line in their heads, although eventually become addicted not needing it for any purpose but for wanting, ‘cast his eyes round hopefully. Stephen reluctantly pushed a bottle towards him’. Drink was not the best way to deal with the situation though, it may have clouded their memories but would not have completed erase them ‘if sleep came it was as a gift and was as likely to come after tea as after alcohol’. Soldiers on the front line could turn on each other, either because of alcohol consumption or just the fact that these men were pushed together in such bad conditions. Maybe getting angry at one another would give them something other than fighting the enemy to focus on ‘Hibbert raises his stick and strikes blindly at Stanhope’. The violence shown in Journey’s End could also represent the battles taking place outside, as an audience member you never get to see any conflict between the enemy and therefore Stanhope’s arguments and fights with the soldier’s substitutes this. The anger Stanhope feels towards Hibbert and also Raleigh, could also show us how he feels and acts in battle situations. Unlike Journey’s End in Birdsong we are able to follow Stephen as he goes out into No-man’s land, fighting for his life but we also get violence in the trenches too ‘Fuck off, Weir, fuck off out of my way’. The use of the word ‘fuck’ is a powerful one; we can understand Wraysford’s fear just through that one word, all his fear for the battle ahead builds up the tension. In Journey’s End Stanhope is worried about what Raleigh would write home in his letter, I believe that maybe another matter that Stanhope uses to redirect his thoughts away from memories, it gives him something else to think about. Which again leads to more violence ‘D’you understand an order? Give me that letter!’ Despite these small areas of conflict there is a strong theme in both Journey’s End and Birdsong, of comradeship. Men on the front line were often forced into forming new relationships with people and often because of this gained extraordinarily strong bonds with men they were fighting alongside with. This is shown by the example of Stanhope and Osborne, and shown to the audience in many scenes but mostly through the touching goodbye scene before the fatal raid and right at the end Stanhope and Raleigh final bond over his death, ‘Stanhope sits with one hand on Raleigh’s arm’ they had fought together in the same battles and known what the other men had seen, they understood. In Birdsong the strong relationship between Wraysford and Weir grew throughout the novel and like many soldiers on the frontline Wraysford needed Weir for company and to help his sanity, ‘Weir alone had made the war bearable’ friendships like Weir’s and Wraysford’s meant that soldiers could get through the war together. They did not need to be alone. Although Raleigh in Journey’s End believed he needed to distance himself when Osborne dies, Raleigh who is first seen as this innocent character in the beginning of the play is opened to this horror after the death of Osborne, he now knows truly just how hard . He eats away from the officers with the other men, he finds it disrespectful that the others are eating and drinking. Maybe some may believe distancing themselves would mean when or if it came to them dying it would not be as hard. Many soldiers needed to be friends, to join together because even though loss is hard the sharing of jokes in such a situation as terrible as this one may have helped. In Journey’s End many of the characters particularly Trotter’s main form of escapism is in making jokes about the war and the Germans ‘I expect a nasty old German’ll cop out of it and say, ‘Ock der Kaiser’ in doing this they are able to cover up their fear and make light of the situation. In Birdsong the use of comedy is more subtle, the soldiers go down to the pub and watch entertainment and laugh with each other as friends rather than making obvious jokes. Jack performing for the soldiers gave some time for the men to relax and enjoy themselves. ‘If they could shout loud enough, they might bring the world back to its senses; they might laugh loud enough to raise the dead’ although raising the dead was not possible, the idea that in laughing and having as good a time as you can they could remember their losses and keep them alive in their thoughts. In Journey’s End some of the soldiers liked to talk about home and familiar things like rugby and cricket to take their minds of the horrors of trench warfare. Thinking about home would help them to remember how their life was before the war; it would make them want to get out and gave them something to live for. Another thing they might think about is their girlfriends, wives or just women in general, ‘I just prayed to come through the war – and – and do things – and keep absolutely fit for her’. Jack Firebrace wanted to survive for his family, dealt with the struggle with the belief he had his wife and child to return to ‘His endurance was for them; the care he took to try to stay alive was so that he would see the boy again’. As for Stephen he did not have a family or anyone really he wanted to go home for, he kept on fighting and wanting to survive for the men who had died before, he wanted to win, to continue for their benefit. The idea and hope that the men he had lost had not died in vain. With trench conditions as foul as they were; rats, lice and illnesses such as trench foot one thing that could keep the men going was the idea and the relief of getting food. The importance of food in Journey’s End is shown by how many times the men talk about it and bring it up in general conversation. Complaining about inconsequential things like chunks of pineapple instead of apricots take their minds of the war ‘I say, Stanhope, it’s a terrible business. We thought we’d got a tin of pineapple chunks; it turns out to be apricots’. The men on the front lines wouldn’t very often have the nicest of food, and when Stanhope has to visit the Colonel and is given really expensive foods he immediately thinks of his men but he will eat the food as it is the one thing that he can gain pleasure from ‘A thin stew followed, then ripe cheese and fresh bread. Lunch went on past three o’clock†¦Stephen smiled to himself, aware that his bri ef flight from reality would soon be ended’. Birdsong touches on the idea of religion and how this can be affected by war. Many soldiers lost their faith due to the mass slaughter or even the loss of a son at home like Jack Firebrace however Stephen seemed to gain a belief in God, the idea that nothing this cruel can be the end. He hoped that when Weir or any other Soldier died they had a better world to escape to and maybe this idea kept him going helped him deal with the death of his friends. Journey’s End doesn’t really touch on the men’s faith or religion, however the idea of hero worshipping used by Raleigh could be linked. The belief in a God and a higher being could also be like Raleigh looking up to Stanhope ‘I believe Raleigh will go on liking you – and looking up to you – through everything. There’s something very deep, and rather fine, about hero worship.’ Many soldiers may have used the method of positive thinking like Osborne to cover up just how scared and fearful they were ‘I never knew the sun could rise in so many ways till I came out here’. Each soldier on the front line had to choose their own way of escaping and dealing with the horrors of trench warfare. The putrid living conditions and the everyday horror of death meant that it was necessary for them to break out of the truth they were living. Many of the methods used in both Journey’s End and Birdsong are similar but their methods were carried out in different ways. Others didn’t use methods at all, they just didn’t cope; like Hibbert in Journey’s End faking an illness to get away. Each character in either Journey’s End or Birdsong took on different methods of dealing with their long hardships and suffering. The true horrors of the war however could not be forgotten, the sight of death and the stench in the trenches would not be quickly removed from their thoughts. These literary texts both play and book give us, today, just a brief insight into the lives of men on the western front, the challenges faced by these men were truly horrific and just surviving must have been a hardship. No one now or then on the home front could ever know the true extent of the struggle and the effects it had both mentally and physically, ‘If they could see the way these men live they would not believe their eyes. This is not a war; this is an exploration of how far men can be degraded.’ Characters of Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks. 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Humanistic Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanistic Approach - Essay Example The last thing is that embracing corporate responsibilities is crucial in strengthening and maintaining an ongoing relationship with the stakeholders. According to Murray, Constantinos, and Robert (12), it is appropriate to apply human approach in business context where dignity and respect of every individual is the foundation that builds and maintains interpersonal interaction. This approach helps the management to embrace every individual in the organization regardless of where he comes from or what he owns. The integration of ethical reflection into the business is the key process from which effective and quality decisions are made. The solitary managerial decision on where an action is ethically sound depends on the humanistic approach to management. However, the approach may not be appropriate in providing excessive freedom. It is important to note that, the humanistic theory make some assumptions about human nature, which are not accepted as solid or complete. One cannot adequa tely argue that every individual should be given freedom to choose what he wants or not. This is because some people may make negative choices even when right solutions are staring at them. These facts plague the humanistic approach to management and therefore establish the need to offer sufficient guidance for positive change to occur. Still, it may not be appropriate when managers are mean and misunderstand how their employees perform their assigned duties. When managers treat their employees like this, they get depressed and sad and thus become unproductive in the workplace. Since humanistic approach to management is based on the self and client centred therapy, then it benefits people to discover and identify their personal capacity that stimulates self-assessment and self-development. This approach creates a ground for people to understand their strengths and work hard to improve on their weaknesses. However, this approach requires people to understand the root of their problem before building or fixing the solution. With this, this approach may not perfectly work for everyone since some people may be threatened and challenged to find out the root cause of their problems. Still, this approach regards that human beings must understand that they are hold responsible of their lives. For instance, some people may not be ready to take on personal responsibility and thus becomes hard to dictate their lives. What is meant by not crossing the line in the humanistic approach is that you can hang out for lunch and have fun with with a manager or co-workers, but when it comes to work there is respect and dignity. In other words, crossing the line means doing what should be done at the tight time, place, and time. For instance, work should be done excellently and when out for lunch one should have fun to the fullest. Friendship should be maintained but this should not create any room for laziness or low performance in the work place (Murray, Constantinos, and Robert 22). The main advantage of humanistic over the quantitative approach to management is that, humanistic approach creates a strong ground for employers or managers to know their employees and what they can accomplish. Unlike the quantitative approach, the humanistic approach takes into account fulfilling psychological, emotional, and basic needs to promote a healthy

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Leadership - Essay Example As pointed out by Hughes et al(2002), â€Å"Leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers and the situation.†(p 6). Therefore leadership cannot be assumed to be a position, rather it is a process of interaction between a leader, followers and the situation. In maintaining a competitive advantage, organizational leadership in health care districts must ensure efficient utilization of funds and other resources, ensure patient safety while also providing a positive health care environment to effectively manage health care services.(Waters 2005). The deficiencies that exist in both districts must be identified and addressed before formulating the new team. Peter Senge (1990) presented several ways of thinking and acting of the leadership of an organization in such a manner that learning systems within it can be changed to address the weaknesses. Cathon(2000) has applied these principles in a health care context, through the perspective of an interdepartmental health manager. On this basis, he challenges first all the preconceived notions of job limitations – for example, once a radiologist for example, always a radiologist. While moving into a new context, redefinition of roles may be necessary. As pointed out by Glen (2003), increased technological advances have also introduced the concept of physician intervention through video conferencing, which enables a physician to attend to several of his patients at various stages of recovery at one time. This has necessarily imposed greater responsibility on nurses who now make triage decisions, perform minor surgical procedures, administer drugs and manage treatments, some of which were the exclusive province of a physician’s job [Glen, 2003]. From 1996, the Government has empowered nurses to fill the gaps that have resulted as a result of reduction of hours for junior doctors, which has

Find 4 examples of failure due to creep that are relevant to the Essay

Find 4 examples of failure due to creep that are relevant to the transport industries - Essay Example The spring was subjected to the vehicle’s weight and initially underwent plastic deformation as the strain became higher. The strain rate reduces with time and levels out. Under effects of its operating environment (on average 480Â °K), the strain rate increased exponentially leading the spring to fracture. The spring actually failed at the third stage of creep failure. The melting point of the material is 265Â ° C (538Â °K) as noted by Turner (2001) and McCrum, Buckley, and Bucknall (2003). The ratio of operating temperature to melting point is 0.89. 2. Steam Pipe Failure The steam pipe of a locomotive failed as a result of creep in Uganda. The material used for making the steam pipes was austenitic steel. The working temperature of the tubes was set at about 6000C (873Â °K) and was subjected to high pressures, about 24.1MPa. The steam pipe burst as a result of creep failure leading to the emission of steam in the environment. Given that working temperature at time of bur st was about 830Â °K, the ratio of operating temperature to melting point is 0.95. 3. Aero Engine Turbine Blade Failure The turbine blade for a fighter plane was fractured as a result of creep failure (Tauqir & Khan 2002).

Should drilling be permitted in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Essay

Should drilling be permitted in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Essay Example This fact proves that our present domestic sources are not sufficient to meet the demands of our country. Considering the present increase in oil prices, the clamor for increase in domestic drilling has spiked the debate on allowing drilling in the Arctic Circle. Politicians have been divided on the issue with each side putting forth valid claims worthy of consideration and perusal. This paper explores the issue of whether or not drilling should be allowed in the Arctic Circle. It shall set forth this student’s position on the issue supported by firm and viable evidence from various researches. In order to lend objectivity to this paper, counter-arguments shall also be put forth, equally backed and supported by researches and relevant evidence. â€Å"The Arctic National Wildlife Reserve (ACWR) is the largest reserve and probably one of the most diverse areas in the National Wildlife Refuge System† (Burns, et.al., 2004). Oil exploration in the area started as early as the 1900s. Some parts of the Arctic Circle were declared as protected areas to safeguard the welfare of the wildlife in the arctic. Several oil explorers sought to drill oil in these protected areas, which prompted President James Carter in the 1970s to sign the Alaska National Interests Lands Conservation Act which effectively declared the area as wilderness, and therefore off limits to oil exploration. This area was designated as Area 1002. The oil drilling debate in the Arctic Circle is a typical battle between environmentalists and cost-effective minded politicians and interest groups. This student opposes oil drilling in the Arctic Circle. Research conducted at the Cornell University, revealed that drilling in the Arctic Circle would result to disastrous environmental consequences that would take years to undo and reverse. â€Å"Because a lot of the drilling would take place during the winter months,

Iphone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Iphone - Essay Example With the latest iphone, they have a personal assistant assigned in the phone that can do functions of the phone with the user voice control. It is durable and has a great physical design which is the reason many are attracted to buy it. The unique design of this product makes it a unisex phone – it looks equally attractive with all. To top it off, apple provides all its amazing services in one product: the ipod music player, amazing camera, and a phone that can have applications customized according to your needs (Amit, 2007). One of the biggest disadvantages that the phone has is affordability. For majority of the population, buying the phone directly from Apple becomes a problem, but they can buy it from telecommunication companies on contracts for a lower amount. Another issue is Apple’s reluctance to introduce Flash in its system, barring the use of this amazing facility in the phone. It does not have a detachable battery that becomes an inconvenience sometimes to the user and no slot for expanding memory if

Efficiency Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Efficiency Market Hypothesis - Essay Example Efficient markets do exist in theory. For example according to financial theory there are efficient stock markets that especially don't permit market manipulation by investors. However the practical scenario negates this proposition very often. For instance the rally of the stock could be attributed partially to the equity issue and not to the efficiency of the markets. The stock market crash of 2008 can be identified as a situation in which a stock market experiences a sudden and major decline in value of its underlying stocks. However crashes can occur mainly due to the rising stock prices and excessive economic optimism (Cuthbertson, 1996). Further it can be caused by the collapse of a speculative bubble, financial crisis or economic crisis. A substantial change in stock markets and price behavior can be caused by psychological influences that often lead to bubbles. Thus EMH is flawed to a certain extent because there is no such grantee that share prices would be solely determined by a pure interplay of market forces, i.e. demand and supply. In fact the crash in 2008 occurred due to structural deficiencies that in turn were characterized by a flurry of activity in which overvalued shares were traded hectically during the immediately preceding period before the crash. Stock market influences on the investors' policy decision making process and corporate strategy have been discussed against backdrop of an evolving environment of change. This is because of the fact that business organizations are becoming more popular because their survival is directly proportional to the size of the market rather than the manageability (Elton, and Martin. 2003). Compact small business organizations have been described as economically unproductive in times of financial recessions because their excessive dependence on internal organizational capabilities leads to poor decisions. Therefore it's essential now to discuss the various theoretical underpinnings of the optimal capital structure in order to determine how efficiently the stock market would be able to function in the absence of the above mentioned shortcomings such as bankruptcy costs and information asymmetry. In addition, there are some highly influential theories. With the help of them it's possible to discuss how best an efficient stock market can be brought into existence (or not) thus rendering both capital structure and dividend policy of the firm irrelevant. However the extent to which those stock market imperfections can be overcome would determine the degree of perfection of the stock market in a given situation.On the other hand the success of big firms has been attributed to their ability to raise both debt and equity capital and the relative size of the market. In the first place financial recessions dependents on the firm's ability to raise capital. Since the market value of the firm is affected by the way in which the capital is structured, managers might prefer to raise debt instead of equity thus bringing down the value of the firm in the eyes of the investor (Copeland, and Fred, 1988). Subsequently shareholders might be compelled to sell their shares at lower prices. In such a scenario big corporate entities are able to survive on pre commitments made by institutional lenders who will not

Comparative politics 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative politics 4 - Essay Example The petroleum is excavated in areas of Niger Delta, which also happens to host most of the oil industries and part of the Nigerian slum population. The exploration of the petroleum, commonly addressed as the ‘black gold’, and the growth of the petroleum industries have led to specific issues that the citizens feel need to be addressed, for the peace and development of their nation. The existence of petroleum not only benefits the Nigerians, but also negatively affects them; hence it is an overwhelming blessing in terms of economic development and investment, but also a curse due to environmental degradation, corruption, and human violation among others within the people. How Nigeria Benefits Economic development: The Nigerian economic performance has been shaped up through sale of petroleum products. It generates most of its revenue from the exportation and domestic sales of the oil products, compared to other goods from other sectors. According to Balouga, onshore oil e xploration has greatly improved the nation’s daily production capacity, to approximately 2.3 million barrels on a daily basis, and eventually raised her proven reserves to nearly 37 billion barrels ( 2012, 23). In the Nigerian economy, more than ? of the gross earning comes from petroleum sales, domestically and internationally (especially through trading with the US and European nations). The oil industry contributes to Nigerian GDP, though not entirely all of the industry’s value added products get to be retained in Nigeria, due to the numerous involvements of foreign operators in the industry. In addition to the ratio of the GDP, the government collects huge amounts of tax from the foreign and local companies operating in oil industries, influences the purchasing power of the society through spending on goods and services, and enhances foreign exchange reserve (Odularu 2008, 11-13). Crude oil and natural gases are major sources of energy in the country, providing th e industries and refineries with a readily and cheap energy source for its smooth operations. Although the economy has experienced slow and minimal growth compared to other oil producing countries and competitors, it is evident that oil money continues to transform the nation. Investment and employment: Since the discovery of crude oil, the numbers of companies established in Nigeria have grown immensely, boosting the oil industry more than other sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. These include several joint venture companies like Shell (the largest), which produces about 50 percent of Nigeria’s oil, and the other joint ventures being operated by Chevron Texaco, Exxon Mobil, TotalfinaElf and ENI/Agip (Odularu 2008, 8). These are many investors that directly work in Nigeria’s oil industry; others are indirect investors, who participate in economic development. According to Balouga, â€Å"investment in Nigeria’s oil industry currently amounts to about $18 billion annually† and is anticipated to increase over time (2012, 25). Over time, refineries have been established after 1950, increasing the ability to refine their products. First and second Port Harcourt, Warri and Kaduna refineries have developed to enhance their processing capabilities, even though they operate below their expected capacities. The Nigerian population continues to benefit from the employment opportunities in oil companies, from the basic activities

The Political Theory of Alexander Hamilton and Its Reflection in American Political System Essay Example for Free

The Political Theory of Alexander Hamilton and Its Reflection in American Political System Essay Alexander Hamilton was one of those political thinkers whose theory shaped the political profile of the young American nation. A theoretician of republicanism, author of about a half of the Federalist papers, signatory of the Constitution, friend of Washington and somehow an aristocratic idealist, Hamilton left a legacy, which continues to influence America until now. This legacy can be found in Hamilton’s works on political philosophy and state building. In turn, these works were written not only by a Founding Father, but by a man, thus every piece of Hamilton’s political writing is deeply personal, reflecting not only abstract mediations, but practical experience. In this paper, I will attempt to analyze certain Hamilton’s ideas to prove that his theory had a strong relation to drafting, adoption, application and interpretation of the basic American constitutional instruments. In this theory, Hamilton managed to reconcile such controversial matters as liberalism, aristocratism, democratic values and political centralism. This complex theory became a practice of American government and American people. Accordingly, America is still affected by Hamilton’s individual reflections, insights and mistakes. Review of Literature on the Subject Hamilton’s personality and Hamilton’s political views have attracted scholars ever since 1800-s, this, for the purposes of this paper I will review only certain landmark works presenting various approaches to the subject. An example of Hamilton’s comprehensive biography is â€Å"Alexander Hamilton† (2004) by Ron Chernow. This book presents a classical view of Hamilton as a national hero and a founding father. Another classical approach is demonstrated in â€Å"Alexander Hamilton and the Idea of Republican Government† (1970) by Gerald Stourzh. The book offers an image of Hamilton as a patriot of the Republic and influential theoretic of centralized government. Another approach to research on Hamilton’s heritage is presented in classical â€Å"Alexander Hamilton† by Henry Jones Ford first published in 1900. The book presents Hamilton as occasional figure torn by inner controversies, admirer of Britain and a latent monarchist. A contemporary view of a famous conflict inside the federalist movement, including conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson is available in â€Å"Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character† (2000) by Roger G. Kennedy. Hamilton’s view of human nature Even the most perfect political system would not work in case it contradicts human nature. A government and a people consists of individuals sharing all virtues and weaknesses peculiar to human species. Thus, Hamilton’s starting point was understanding of human nature, including nature of those men who are vested with authority. As put by Hamilton himself, principles of human nature â€Å"are as infallible as any mathematical calculations† (Stourzh 76). Rosano argues that Hamilton’s â€Å"predominately and radically liberal conception of human nature is based on Locke’s concept of liberty, Hobbes’s concept of power, and Machiavelli’s concept of the â€Å"effectual truth. † (Rosano 61). This rather tricky combination was a result of Hamilton’s controversial views formed by demonstrative superficial idealism and deep inner skepticism. This controversy, probably, has never been resolved by Hamilton himself. His nature was profoundly aristocratic, what he proved by his duel with Burr. Hamilton chose to die as a nobleman in spite of submitting a dispute for judicial consideration as a profound democrat would do. On the other hand, Hamilton admired the ideas of European Enlightenment with their call to democracy and self-government. Perhaps, Hamilton would be happy to see a free community of noble individuals without vices; however, he realized that such vision is practically impossible. This antilogy made Hamilton skeptical about human nature itself. He pessimistically noted that, â€Å"A vast majority of mankind is entirely biased by motives of self-interest† (Stourzh 78). Later Hamilton claimed such views openly when he wrote of â€Å"deductions for the ordinary depravity of human nature† (Federalist No 78). These Hamilton’s position corresponds to Hobbes’s concept of corrupted human nature which has to be oppressed by the government in order to preserve peace and stability (Stourzh 73). Surprisingly, Hamilton simultaneously managed to admire the theory of Hobbes’s eternal opponent Locke, who worshiped the natural state of man as a supreme value. To what extent has Hobbes advocated power, to the same extent had Locke strived for recognition of human rights. Hamilton shared the ideas of the latter when he wrote: â€Å"The sacred rights of mankind are not to be rummaged for among old parchments or musty records. They are written, as with a sunbeam, in the whole volume of human nature, by the hand of the divinity itself; and can never be erased or obscured by mortal power† (Stourzh 14). According to Hamilton, implications like love, liberty, desire of happiness, and public good are deeply rooted in every heart (Rosano, 63). This makes a contrast to his early writings of human corruption. It appears that Hamilton suffered from mismatch between that what he wanted to see and that what he actually saw. This should be taken into account when analyzing Hamilton’s political heritage. For him the government was an instrument for bettering human nature and prevention of its corrupted manifestations. Deep understanding of Hamilton’s political theory is impossible without consideration of this peculiarity. Hamilton’s Political Theory Theoretical views on politics shared by Hamilton are best reflected in the Federalist papers, about a half of which were authored by Hamilton personally. Seemingly, there is no crucial issue which Hamilton would not touch, yet his primary concerns were necessity of Consitution, separation of authority between the federal government and the states, powers of the central government, as well as issues concerning national bank, national debt, national armed forces and navy. Hamilton venerates the people as a source of national will, yet this will has to be presented by someone, and this â€Å"someone† is likely to be corrupted. Hamilton’s response was a system of direct ties between the people and the central government, which would not be interrupted by intermediaries in the person of local authorities. In his letter to governor Morris Hamilton wrote: â€Å"it has ever appeared to me as sound principle to let the federal government rest, as much as possible, on the shoulders of the people, and as little as possible on those of the State Legislatures† (Chernow 774). This view caused Kapstein to assert that â€Å"No other American statesman has personified national power and the rule of the favored few so well as Hamilton† (Kapstein 36). And indeed, in his most influential theoretical work reflected in the Federalist papers Hamilton speaks as an advocate of a stronger union between states which is likely to secure rights of the people inside this state. According to his idea, a slimsy confederation of half-independent states is likely to sink in inner conflicts, thus making the rights of the people insecure and the entire union vulnerable to foreign invasions. To justify this view Hamilton once more referred to the corrupted human nature by observing that â€Å"to presume a want of motives for such contests as an argument against their existence, would be to forget that men are ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious† (Federalist No 6). Envy, national conflicts, territorial disputes, apportionment of national debt, senseless scholastic debates, disputes upon private contracts: all this, According to Hamilton, is likely to ruin a Union (Federalist No 7). Thus, the Confederation appeared to be insufficient to preserve the union. Powers of states had to be strongly limited for the common good. Central government could impose such limitations only. Hamilton’s idea of the central government is quite authoritarian, causing allegations of monarchism and betrayal of ideals of freedom. Hamilton’s views on this subject were strongly affected by his personal experience during the Revolutionary war. The work of a procurement officer performed by Hamilton during the war was not heroic but very necessary. During this period Hamilton desperately fought against Congress’s foot dragging in every matter of supplying the army (Kennedy 36). This pretty logical idea has been reflected in the Constitution and the American Bill of Rights, although there are at least two basic problems with it. Firstly, elimination of state authorities with aim to reduce the influence of human corrupted nature is a two-edged sword. The problem is simply raised from the state level to the federal level. A federal government controlled by unworthy people was probably Hamilton’s nightmare, especially in a situation when the states have no considerable opportunities to oppose the corrupted central government. The second problem is in delegation of powers. Mutual consent may be a good theory; however, it is never practically achievable. Thus, there exists a notable problem of defining those powers which have to be delegated to the central government and which should not. One more criticism of Hamilton’s theory came from his opponents like Jefferson. A strong central power will have a strong army and police to enforce its decisions and protect the union. These institutions are likely to be used by the central government to expand its powers against defenseless states (Stourzh 198). As regards matters of finance and taxation Hamilton, surely, advocated centralized taxation and centralized banking system based on national debt. According to Hamilton, this would enable to centralize and effectively apply the resources of a nation (Federalist No 30). Yet this idea, as understood by Hamilton himself, would bring about the issue of inequality, since those who borrow assets to the central government would tower over the rest of the people (Kapstein 37). Some response was provided by Hamilton when he wrote that â€Å"The loans it might be able to procure would be as limited in their extent as burdensome in their conditions. They would be made upon the same principles that usurers commonly lend to bankrupt and fraudulent debtors, with a sparing hand and at enormous premiums† (Federalist No 30), however, it appears that Hamilton simply tried to escape the problem. As a Secretary of the Treasury, he obviously realized the need for centralization of assets through banking and taxations system, however, as a freedom idealist, he could not have avoided the view of national indebtedness as a burden imposed on every free person. Current situation with national debt demonstrates that Hamilton simply chose the bad from between bad and worse. Centralized financial and taxation system did enable to preserve the Union in hard times, however, currently America faces the negative consequences of such preservation. This is Hamilton’s theory where the roots of the present situation are found. In his conclusive remarks to the Federalist Papers Hamilton notes that â€Å"there would appear still to remain for discussion two points: the analogy of the proposed government to your own State constitution, and the additional security which its adoption will afford to republican government, to liberty, and to property. But these heads have been so fully anticipated†¦that it would now scarcely be possible to do anything more than repeat† (Federalist No 85). However, American national history proves that these crucial issues were far from explained both in the time of Hamilton and in the following decades. Hamilton has not offered a universal solution; he simply suggested one of the possible models which, as any models, had its strong and weak points. Perhaps the USA survived thanks to these strong points. However, this does not mean that the weak points never revealed themselves. Practical Application of Hamilton’s Theory The most notable practical application of Hamilton’s political teaching is the Constitution of the United States of America, whose most furious advocate Hamilton was. The Constitution follows a model for division of powers proposed by Hamilton, including a single legislative body consisting of representatives of the people, a unified executive system, unified judiciary. Exclusive right of the central power to solve the issues of taxation and public debt. In accordance with Hamilton’s idea, the Congress has a militia under its command. Thus, Hamilton’s political model was eventually reflected in the organic law of America. Application of this organic law appeared to be more complicated. Not less important than the adoption of the Constitution were sharp debates about its application in the late 18th and early 19th century. Perhaps the most controversial issue around these debates was Hamilton’s doctrine of implied powers, contrasting Jefferson’s idea of strict interpretation of the Constitution (Kapstein 37). The doctrine of implied powers began to flourish already after Hamilton’s death in the judgments of John Marshall, Hamilton’s confederate, who served as Chief Justice. Centralization of American government was completed after several rulings rendered by Marshall in such landmark cases as Marbury vs. Madison (1804) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Cohens v. Virginia (1821). At that, the Constitution shaped by Hamilton was used as a mighty tool for centralization. In Marbury vs. Madison Marshall determined that the judicial power of the United States is extended to all cases arising under the Constitution. To support this Marshall created a pretty logical construction pointing out that as long as the Constitution is a supreme law, the Supreme Court is empowered to review all cases where the Constitution is concerned. This was the first application of Hamiltons implied powers doctrine, but far not the last. Another direct reference to the doctrine was the Supreme Court judgment in McCulloch v. Maryland, where Chief Justice Marshall put a period to application of Hamilton’s idea of centralized power and centralized banking. By determining that the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitutions express powers, in order to create a functional national government and that the State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government (Smith, 89) the Supreme Court made the states entirely dependent on the central government in every matter related to the Constitution. Deserves noting that by referring to implied powers Marshall laid grounds not only for application of Hamilton’s political heritage, but for subsequent violations of Constitutional rights. Thus, just few years after Marshall’s death, his theory proved to be a double-edged sword. Conclusions Rosano fatefully observes that Americans are happy and â€Å"the founders are celebrated because they had the chance to prove their virtue; they were virtuous because they loved liberty and the public good as well as fame† (Rosano 72). This passage is very much applicable to Hamilton. A revolutionary hero and a prominent author, he presents a perfect set of virtues admired in America. It is hard to find another figure which would be so momentous for America as Hamilton was, perhaps with exception only for Washington. However, being a momentous figure, Hamilton gave America not only liberty and virtues, but a sense of helplessness against central government, as well as long-lasting problems such as national debt. The controversies of Hamilton’s theory made American political system controversial. Numerous attempts to fix this by subsequent amendments and court decisions prove that Hamilton’s model is viable, but far from ideal.

“a Study of Bpo Industry with Reference to Employee Essay Example for Free

â€Å"a Study of Bpo Industry with Reference to Employee Essay The industry is very diverse, with several sub-segments, each displaying its own unique characteristics. The BPO players need to be excellent in every facet of operations as the market is highly competitive at every level and re-defining itself every day. It is basically a people-centric industry. The scenario however, is not as rosy as it looks, for this sector with enormous potential. Like any other industry during its growth phase, this industry is also going through its share of turbulence. There was the issue about people quitting the BPO jobs and the question arrived in my mind were: â€Å"Why do BPO executives job-hop so frequently? Is it just because of money or are there other reasons? and created an interest in my mind to find out the answers not only for the above questions but also for finding out the retention strategies that can be adopted by BPO’s. For the purpose of this project, the research work is limited to only 10 BPO’s in Mumbai and their 200 employees. It was very difficult to study the industry as a whole as the size of the industry is very large and it is very difficult to extract information about the attrition rates and reasons for he same and also the strategies adapted by different companies to retain its staff in limited time period given for completion of the project.

Paternalism To Tell Or Not To Tell Nursing Essay

Paternalism To Tell Or Not To Tell Nursing Essay Mr. White is a 70 year old male patient who has been pretty healthy throughout his whole life besides some issues with pneumonia in the past few years. He was driving along the road last Monday where he hit a patch of black ice, swerved off the road, and crashed into a tree. He lost consciousness and suffered minor abrasions to his arms, legs, and face. When he regained consciousness, he stated he felt very cold, numb, and fatigued as several paramedics hovered over him placing a collar around his neck and a spinal board underneath him. He was very confused and was told to not move as they oriented him to person, place, and time. He was taken to the emergency room where he was placed him on oxygen via face mask and D5 Â ½ normal saline 100ml/hr. He was transferred to the ICU after lung complications and a tracheotomy was inserted to open his airway and allow for oxygen exchange. Each day his family has been at the hospital supporting him and praying he will recover from this severe accident. The nurse caring for him was reviewing his medical records and saw that he is a do not resuscitate patient and that he does not want to receive any life sustaining treatments that will prolong his life. The patient has been awake, alert, and oriented and confirmed competent two days ago, which enables him to make decisions for himself. His daughter, Mrs. Black, told the nurse that she doesnt know what she would do without her dad because he is the rock that holds their family together. The rest of the family replied that these are his wishes and we will have to accept what he has requested, even though it saddens us to think we may lose him soon. During a routine test a few days ago the physician noticed that his labs were not within normal limit and ordered stat tests to determine the problem. The chest x-ray ordered confirmed he had pneumonia, but also revealed he was suffering from metastatic lung cancer. The physician informed the nurse of the cancer and stated that Mr. White is still very weak and fighting for his life. We will inform him and his family when he is more stable and able to be strong enough to take the news. Identify the Problem The nurse is informed of the confirmation that the patient indeed is suffering from cancer secondary to his car accident and pneumonia. Does she advocate for the patients right to autonomy in delivering the news to him and his family or does she follow the doctors orders and withhold the news since the physician believes that telling him will only worsen his condition and result in a loss of hope for all involved? The nurse believes that withholding information is going against the patients rights to make his own decisions. The nurse wants to do what is best for the patient and believes that keeping this information from the patient is being dishonest and is not what any practical nurse would do in this situation. However, she is unsure of the best approach in addressing the issue. Gather Relevant Facts A sound doctor-patient relationship is an essential component when carrying out decisions based on a patients care for treatment. Studies have shown a correlation between the quality (communication) of physician-patient relationship and better (healthcare) outcomes (Stewart, 1995). The doctor and the patient need to have a strong relationship with the patient that includes sound communication, fidelity, knowledge based learning, beneficence, and Nonmaleficence. There are four different styles to a doctor-patient relationship which include consumeristic, default, paternalistic, and mutuality relationships. The mutualistic approach is considered the optimal relationship to have when both the patient and the doctor bring both of their ideas and resources to the table and make a commitment to work with one another to solve disagreements in a respectful way. Paternalism involves physician focused care because the decision is based on what the physician believes is best for the patient and not necessarily what the patient wants. In the scenario, the physician believed that it would be in Mr. Whites best interest to hold off telling him the news of his cancer until he was healthier and stronger, but this might not have been what Mr. White would have decided (Roter and Hall, 2006). At the beginning of the 1960s, medical procedures were beginning to address the ethical issues with paternalism by a patients right to autonomy and informed consent. Issues with paternalism began to arise due to an increase in consumerism, the womens movement, and laws passed that allowed for the rights of patients in their health care. The patients wanted to be more involved in their care in knowing about their health, quality of life, survival, and mortality rates of their condition. As a result, a physicians violation in duty to the patient caused an increase in lawsuits. Healthcare workers began to be faced with a difficult decision in determining what pertinent information the patient needed to know about their condition (Wear, 1993; Charles, Whelan, Gafni, 1999). Legal and more paternalism were in conflict from the example used with Mr. White. Legal paternalism base decisions around following laws and regulations created by federal, state, or local level while moral paternalism base decisions using ethical principles. The physician was going against legal paternalism because truth-telling is now considered a legal matter and the competent patient is to be informed of all matters related to their health, except if the patient is deemed incompetent. The physician was trying to practice moral paternalism because he believed that withholding the information from the Mr. White was beneficial in a sense that he would not be strong enough to handle the news of his cancer and cause his condition to worsen or not improve (McCarthy and Schafermeyer, 2004). The debate today about paternalism is whether it is acceptable for doctors to make choices about patients treatments in their health care when they may believe that the patient may possibly refuse the decision if they were correctly informed. Is it justifiable for doctors to go about the treatment since they feel the long term benefits to the patient would be provided and at some point the patient would concur that the actions of the doctor were suitable? Certain situations makes it challenging to know exactly what is best for the patient, and it is hard to know when a physician is carrying out an intervention that is in the patients best interest or their own interest. Mills is a strong believer of autonomy and fights for patients rights. He believes that each individual has the ability to identify what makes them happy and that independent exercise of aspirations is a large part of their happiness. Kant also supports patients rights and believes that every human has a responsibilit y to communicate their autonomy. (McKinstry, 1992). The Patient Bills of Rights of 1973 included the physicians responsibility to inform the patient on all matters related to their condition enabling the patient to make decisions based on this knowledge. The Bill was carried out to decrease the occurrence of malpractice by reducing the dissatisfaction of patients that meet the criteria for more liability from their providers (Faden and Beauchamp, 1986). The law entails that medical information presented to the patient be in plain language that can be voluntarily comprehended and adequate in quantity. A doctor who is unsuccessful in attaining informed consent may suffer criminal offense charges. In 1998, the Consumer Bill of Rights and Responsibility Act was carried out by President Clinton to help consumers get involved in their own health care by increasing consumer confidence in the health care system, to give support in identifying the reasoning for a sound healthcare provider and a sound provider-patient relationship, and to help the consumer realize the important role they carry related to their rights and responsibilities of their heath care and recovery. The guidelines included several rights of the patient to create the best quality health outcome. (Shalala,1999). Patients are competent to give informed consent unless examined and evaluated to have mental deficits and incapacity. Informed consent must follow several steps in order to be valid which includes informing the patient on the diagnosis, the suggested intervention, major benefits, risks, the consequences or prognosis if an intervention is not carried out, and any significant options along with their risks and benefits. Informed consent will need to hold true and be carried out in all cases except when the patient is susceptible to serious harm or death if the intervention is not carried out immediately, the patient voluntarily gives up their right, and if disclosure would cause serious physical or psychological harm to the patient or another person (Wear, 1993). At UPMC hospitals such as Magee and Presbyterian hospitals patients have certain rights and responsibilities that they are given such as the right to respected and quality care from staff, the right for information in medical records to be kept confidential, the right to pain control and management, the right to know diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options and alternatives given in simple language, the right to informed consent before any procedures, the right to refuse any medications, treatments, procedures, and several more . This allows the patient to decide what information they would want to know and to carry out care based on their wishes (UPMC, 2010). Identify Methods of Ethical Justification A person who practices consequentialism believes that a morally right act is one that produces a good outcome. The doctor was practicing a consequentialitic approach in that he believed that not telling the patient that he had cancer until he was stronger would cause a better outcome for the patient in the long run. He believed that Mr. White would give up all hope and stop fighting to survive if he was informed of the news. In deontological theory, an act is right or wrong based on fulfilling a moral duty and cannot be justified by their effects. Even though the physician was trying to do the right thing by not telling the patient that he had cancer because he believed that this would help save his life, the act was against the rules and duty of the physician to inform the patient on information related to his health (Gert et al., 1997). Several principles come into play in the scenario such as beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity, and autonomy. The nurse will have to advocate for the patient that keeping this information from him and is family is not doing good. It may in fact cause more harm to the patient since he is unaware of his cancer. The patient may be able to determine treatments that could delay the spread of cancer, which could allow him more time to spend with his family. The competent patient has the right to autonomy in deciding what information he would want to know about his health and the doctor should not be the one to make this decision. The physician is keeping essential information from Mr. White that may result in a break in their commitment and destroy the patients trust in his healthcare provider (Cassells and Gaul, 1998). Clarify Relevant Values, Rights, Duties, of Patient, Self, and Significant Persons The patient has the right to informed consent if he is seen as competent to make decisions based on his healthcare. It is the physicians duty as well as the nurse to respect the patient and inform him of all matters concerning his healthcare and making sure the patient demonstrates understanding. If Mr. White was deemed incompetent he may have appointed a family member as a substituted surrogate decision maker to make decisions in his health care based on the patients values, beliefs, and wishes. If Mr. White did not appoint someone to be a surrogate then the best interest principle would come to play and decisions on the patients healthcare would be determined by what is the best interest for any reasonable patient in this situation. The family will need explanations on the patients status and what the future will look like for him. The family may be the ones taking care of him and they will need sound education on how to care for the patient. Identify If There Is an Ethical Dilemma The nurse faces an ethical dilemma because the alternatives are between two equally insufficient solutions which display incompatible testimonies. Does the nurse take away the patients right to autonomy in keeping Mr. Whites new diagnoses of lung cancer from the him because the physician believed it was in the his best interest or should the nurse take the issue to higher authority to advocate and make every effort to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient (Cassells and Gaul, 1998). Identify Guidelines from Nursing and Professional Codes of Ethics The American Nurses Association code of ethics for nurses was created to help guide nurses behavior when an ethical dilemma would occur. The requirements in the code advocate the nurses commitment to their patients autonomy, while still keeping in the safety of the patient (American Nurses Association, 2001). Provision 1 states that the nurse needs to practice with compassion and respect each patient regardless of their beliefs, ethnicity, class, age, etc. The patient was a 70 year old African American who was a practicing Southern Baptist and retired bus driver. The Caucasian, Catholic nurse had to make sure she didnt treat Mr. White differently because of his skin color, the religion he practiced, or his age (American Nurses Association, 2001). Provision 2 states that the nurses devotion is to the patient and anyone associated with the patient such as family and friends. The nurse has the ability to advocate for the patient in communicating their wishes to the doctor in carrying out treatment pertaining to his care. The nurse will need to communicate with the patient and determine what information the patient will want specific friends and family to know. The nurse with her high level of skill and knowledge can help educate his family on his condition and care (American Nurses Association, 2001). Provision 3 states the nurse will need to do all she can to protect the patient from any harm or unsafe events. The nurse would make sure the patients requests were followed through while maintaining his safety, health, and prevention from any harm. If she believed that the patient was not well informed of his disease and all treatment plans possible to help delay the progression of the disease, then she would need to address this issue (American Nurses Association, 2001). Identify and Use Relevant Interdisciplinary Resources First, the nurse should go to the doctor and see if they can work something out to determine the patients rights. If the doctor doesnt agree with the nurse then the nurse should then talk to the nurse supervisor and move up the latter until the highest person is able to confront the issue. If this does not work, the nurse can also get in touch with the people who deal with ethical concerns/ dilemmas. The nurse can also talk to lawyers and get legal matters in place for the patients rights to informed consent to be granted. The nurse can also get a psychiatrist involved who would speak on behalf of the patient to confirm that the patient is competent. The nurse may want to get social workers and counselors to help the patient and family finds ways to cope with grief and also determine the best care for the patients prognosis of his such as a skilled facility, home health, or hospice care. Identify and Prioritize Alternative Actions/Options The nurse can speak directly to the patient and his family about the information that has been withheld. This should not be carried out since this is not solving the conflict between the nurse and the physician and it is going behind the physicians back. The nurse can make the decision of not informing the patient or family of the news. She could convince herself that the doctor knows what is best for the patient and bringing up the issue would only cause chaos. This is also going against the code of ethics of a nurse in her lack of being a patient advocate (ANA, 2001). The nurse could talk with the physician about the issue she has with the patients right to autonomy and try to work out their differences. Communication is essential for the nurse and the physician to have a sound relationship and work together to resolve issues. If the doctor believes this is something Mr. White does not need to know right now, then the nurse will have to take the issue to higher authority which was addressed above (nurse supervisor, the ethics committee, social workers, court system and reference hospital policy, legal, and ethical principles on the matter). The nurse can be there for moral support and help build a trusting relationship with the Mr. White when told of the new diagnosis of cancer and the betrayal from his doctor. The patient may feel hurt, confused, angry, and may have lost trust in the health care providers. The nurse can also talk to the family about the matter as well and offer all the alternative treatments that can be carried out to help the patient decide what is best for Mr. White. This can be carried out but only after the patients rights are addressed. Select a Morally Justified Action/Option from Alternatives Identified The nurse will have to make a decision as to what she feels any reasonable nurse would do in this situation and carry out the patients wishes accordingly. She will need to advocate for his rights in decision making and converse with the physician. If this doesnt get resolved then take it to higher authority. The nurse needs to address the patients wishes and needs and then the families. If Mr. White determines that he does not want to carry out any treatments, then his wishes need to be addressed. If he decides he wants to start treatments immediately for his cancer, then these wishes would need to be followed through. The nurse talked with the physician about the issue, but the problem was never resolved. As a result, nurse took the matter into her own hands and talked with the nurse supervisor who confronted her boss and the case was then taken to court. The judge along with the help of the jury determined the patient must know all information related to his health care and he was properly informed of his cancer. Mr. White understood that his cancer was terminal and that he decided that he only wanted palliative means of care. He wanted to remain comfortable and spend the rest of his time with the people he loved dearly. The family agreed on his decision because they knew this was what he wanted. He was able to make decisions based on his care and was content at being in control one thing in his life. He was given quality care by his nurse and he remained comfortable throughout his illness. Mr. White passed away peacefully 3 months later at home surrounded by his family.

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By the looks of these starling statistics we can all optically discern sex inculcation is greatly needed. When children are still adolescent their brains are like sponges and it’s more facile for them to obtain information and it’s consequential for us to learn things early. Adolescence is a paramount duration with regard to sexual development considering hormonal changes increase sex drive, change appearance and amend the likelihood of reproduction. The stages of sexuality largely depend on perception but conventionally commence with autoerotic deportment, which translates into authentic sexual activity with another person (Steinberg, 2011), Even though adolescent sexual demeanor is by all accounts mundane, the implicative insinuations cognate to the utilization of contraception are concerning. For instance, â€Å"one worrisome finding suggests that most adolescents report verbalizing about contraception after they first have intercourse, rather than before† (as cited in Steinberg, 2011, p. 342-343). Due to the prevalence of sexual intercourse during adolescence efforts to edify the youth perpetuate to be a top priority of the inculcative system and regime. Nonetheless, these efforts have done little to solve the current crisis in our community with regard to adolescent sexual deportment. A report published by the U.S Department of Health and Human Accommodations â€Å"suggests that as many as 50% of all adolescents are sexually active† (White, 2008, p. 349). A portion of those are puerile women who will become pregnant, adolescent men who will contract a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and teenagers who will suffer from emotional distress and regret. Albeit the majority concurs inculcation is the solution to this dilemma, one q... ...cer and infertility (Steinberg, 2011). Thus, the biological perils cognate to sexual activity incline to be the primary focus when edifying teens; however, the psychological and societal implicative insinuations may be the most consequential. Although a pregnant adolescent faces many stressors, which can translate into sundry psychological quandaries such as melancholy, the most consequential effects may pertain to the child. According to Steinberg (2011) children of adolescent mothers â€Å"are at a more preponderant risk of developing a variety of psychological and gregarious problems†; largely, due to being raised in a poor environment and/or a single parent household (p. 363). Psychological issues can additionally arise due to puerile parents interacting with their infant less often, which have a consequential effect on the child’s development (Steinberg, 2011).

Robert Burns :: essays research papers

People have made entire careers off the belief in and practices of astrology. The idea of the stars determining our fate has withheld people’s interest for centuries. Robert Burns, an Aquarius, was very anti-superstition. He had almost no belief in astrological predictions or zodiac signs. There is some humor in this though, because through Burns’ poems and songs this pseudoscience shows just how accurate it can be. The most parallel example of Burns’ personality and his Aquarius sign can be seen in the work The Fornicator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Burns was born January 25, 1759, son to a dirt poor farmer and a mother who never learned to write her own name. He held many jobs before making a name for himself as a poet, to include a farmer and excise officer. Burns was famed for his poetry and songs and has been called Scotland’s answer to Shakespeare. He was also renowned for his excessive drinking and womanizing, one such biographer, Ian McIntyre, remarked that Burns was â€Å"incapable of addressing a woman, on paper or in the flesh, without placing a hand on her thigh.† It was also reported that he fathered over a dozen children in and out of marriage. The official reason for Burns’ death was rheumatic heart disease, but it is often attributed to the bottle. Upon death critics and obituary writers labeled him a â€Å"drunkard.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquarius, the zodiac symbol assigned to those born between January 21 and February 19. Traditional Aquarian traits are that they are: friendly and humanitarian, original and inventive, independent and intellectual. Some negative aspects of Aquarians are that they can be: intractable and contrary, perverse and unpredictable, unemotional and detached. Aquarians generally possess strong and attractive personalities. They can fall into two categories: one shy, sensitive, gentle and patient; the other exuberant, lively and exhibitionist, sometimes hiding the depth of their character under a cloak of frivolity. Among the faults to which Aquarians are liable are: fanatical eccentricity, wayward egotism, excessive detachment and an inclination to retreat from life and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem the Fornicator speaks to all the young gentlemen of Burns era and today’s male audience. This piece is about Burns referring to himself as a fornicator and impregnating a girl, Elizabeth Paton, out of wed lock. There is an air of sarcasm and regret throughout the poem; not some much about impregnating the woman but having to deal with the hassles of potentially being bogged down with a child.